... arranged in a continuous track, called a spiral path, which measures about 0.5 microns (millionths of a meter) across and 5 km long. To read this information, a CD player passes a laser beam over the track. When the laser passes over a flat area on the track, the beam is reflected directly to an optical sensor on the ... become very fed up with the limited capacity of floppy disks. In response to great demand of higher capacity disks, electronics manufacturers introduced the CD-R. CD-recordable discs open new doors to the idea of storage mediums. Computer users would be able to store da...

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• Grade Level: High School

... to use several diskettes to hold a large program. Even with compression technology, this can amount to 15 or more disks. On the other hand, a single CD can hold about 650 MB of data and it costs less then a dollar to make. CDs are coated with aluminum to reflect light and imprinted with a series ... met to agree upon the standard. The resulting, agreed-on standard was named the High Sierra format, and this dictated the structure of files on a CD. High Sierra remained the standard until the adoption of ISO 9660. ISO 9660 was adopted because High Sierra was basically a United States creati...

• Word Count: 2190
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... the user has compiled songs into the program that they want to convert to their own personal music mix CD it is time to burn the CD, also known as to copy onto the CD. When you burn a CD what is actually happening is there is a laser inside of the machine that will copy the music. ... a spinning motion around the entire disk until all of the tracks are recorded. This laser also known as the "write laser" alters the surface of the CD where as the "read laser" does not. The write laser is much more powerful than the read laser, because it has to alter the disk by " ... record companies bec...

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... of this work is embodied in the Red Book; the de-facto standard in Compact Disc manufacturing and keystone for all applications of CD technology including CD-ROM, CD-I, Video CD etc. HOW THE COMPACT DISC WORKS To store audio data on CD, it must first be sampled and digitized. Specifically, audio content is sampled at 44.1kHz and quantized as 16 bit digital words ... . When we have converted our analogue data to binary data (ones and zeros) we can begin to implement exciting new techniques in error correction with digital logic. Of course, with CD-ROM, our source data will already consist...

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The History of Vinyl and CD In 1877 Thomas Edison was experimenting with a new telegraph devise when he accidentally runs indented tin foil under a stylus. The resulting speech like noise encourages him to develop an instrument ... this hardware and software, that wasn't quite good enough. They needed a new angle. A new way to sell music and the stuff you play it on. Hence the birth of the cd,a new digital format. It's maximum playing time, about 75 minutes, was chosen because the president of the company wanted something that could play his favorite piece of music, Beethoven's 9th ... the...

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... many times. This enables it to be used much like a hard disk and is very useful when backing up large files that you must constantly change. CD-RW disks are about twice as expensive as a normal CDR but remain another extremely cost effective way to back up data, saving companies large amounts of ... companies began distributing their films on DVD. DVD's are able to provide a much better picture and digital quality sound and are the same size as a standard CD. These things allowed the DVD to overcome problems that plague other media types such as the laser disk and become a popular type o...

• Word Count: 7384
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... technology, having been designed to hold more data. Both are everywhere today, storing music, movies, games and computer software. First launched in 1982, the CD caused quite a stir of excitement and was hailed as a major advancement in entertainment and computer software. However, the DVD, first launched in early 1997 ... becoming the most successful new technology since the compact disk and looks set to soon replace it completely. Sony introduced the first compact disc audio CD player on the market in October 1982 at a retail price of about $900. It caused great excitement as, in contra...

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... biggest enemies, and the reason why is money. When someone can download a song for free he or she is less likely to go out and buy that CD. There are many social benefits that come from downloading music if you are a Napster lover. If you have the right equipment at home then you can get ... listen to. Napster and MP3's can help out in that aspect a lot. Before Napster came about local bands that don't have thousands of dollars to produce a CD to sell in stores, would just go as far playing in a local night club for years until (if and when) a recording studio would recognize them to inv...

• Word Count: 1391
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... Picture Experts Group (or MPEG) in 1992, making their new technical term MPEG-1, Audio Layer 3, but popularly known as MP3 (Jones). MP3s allowed for near CD quality sound but with a much smaller file size. This was done with a very sophisticated compression codec (or standard) that I don't really understand. The important ... of downloads at download.cnet.com. But getting these highly sought after MP3s was another issue altogether. People had to either keep MP3s of their own CD collections, borrow CDs from a friend, or find a website that was gracious enough to upload MP3s to their site...

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... circuit allow for such small phone designs. In 1991, two major commercial events took place, which put the power of CD-ROM storage technology and computer based search engines in the hands of ordinary people. World Library Incorporated produced a fully searchable CD-ROM containing 450 (later expanded to 953) classical works of literature and historic documents. This demonstrated the power of the ... product was the electronic version of Grolier's Encyclopedia that actually contained a few pictures in addition to text. Both products were originally marketed through the Bureau of Electron...

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... Mix Product: A car audio compact disk recorder and receiver. Which will be capable of recording music off the radio and burning it onto a CD for later listening enjoyment. Price: The ALPHA Audio Corporation will follow the demand-orientated approach of pricing with the skimming technique. This will include ... the electronics and media industry; no real niche. Opportunity: ALPHA has the opportunity to create a younger target market with innovations such as the CD recorder. The corporation has the ability to expand and broaden its segment markets with new products. Threats: Competition f...

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... there albums and not putting them on the list of songs on the album or making the album an interactive album with the help of SONY=s CD EXTRA. These are just a few ways that artist protecting them selves against the internet. Along with networking problems comes encryption and protecting your digital and ... zeros and ones. Now that CDRW (compact disc re write) drives have been released anybody can copy any CD they wish. Also along the lines of copying CDs there is software that lets anybody convert CD audio into a low space format mat called MP3 (Mpeg 3 layer), and can use the same prog...

• Word Count: 1702
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... drive, so everything I save is saved to a disc. By the way, did you know that record companies get royalties from the sale of blank CD's? So what are they complaining about anyway? The record companies continue to disclose all of their survey findings. Asking people if they are participating in an ... illegal activity. I"m sure that everyone will tell you when they are doing something illegal. Also, stating that people are downloading instead of buying CD's, or that the downloading is down since the prosecutions of hundreds of downloaders. Well any introductory sociology class will tell ...

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... music can be distributed freely by end-users Due to the advantages that it offers customers, such as customizability and flexibility, digital downloading is a better way to deliver music than CD. However, examples and data provided within the case study have illustrated the downfall of digital music providers such as EMusic.com, which ultimately lost $18 million on revenues of $92 ... would much rather download music for free than pay for digitally downloaded music, companies such as Emusic.com were unable to maintain a viable business. Ultimately, consumers preferred digital music over...

• Word Count: 1383
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... if a person gets caught downloading music from there, they were going get receive three warnings and their computer was going to get fried. If a person buys a CD and feels he wants to share it, that's his or her own business. That is money that goes to the artist. Each consumer has a right to do ... Statistics recently showed the drop of sales from the year 2000 to the year 2002, was only 13%. That states that people are still buying CD's from artists they love. I recently bought a CD at the store and listened to it on the way home. When I got there, I called my friend and told her I boug...

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... , once among the most robust and profitable sectors of popular culture, have fallen dramatically since the advent of Internet file-sharing operations like Napster. Before this technology came out, the CD market was a great success. However the initial demand of this technology drove prices up, as the market moved towards equilibrium. Due to such high demand prices stayed high for a considerable ... time, aggravating consumers. Department stores could afford to lower the CD prices to compete with music stores, which could not. The major music distributors decided to make a privacy policy ...

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Mp3 vs MD Portable audio player become more and more common in our life nowadays. CD-player, cassette player, radio, mp3 player and mini-disc player are some of the well-known portable audio player today. Among these portable audio player, MP3 and ... file of computer. The name of MP3 came from the extension name of this music file. MD player is like a CD player, except that disc for MD player is smaller and it can store the same amount of song as a CD. Both of this players have a lot of differences but there are both expensive in price. Therefore, it's seemed ... is that you can record an M...

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... work. Some new and much less tedious copyright protection methods have been developed more recently for use with optical discs. For the most part, optical discs include the widely known CD-ROM and the newer Digital Versatile Disc, or DVD. The DVD similar to a CD-ROM, only it is capable of storing more data than the combined capacity of twenty-five ... CD-ROMs. In any case, some programs require the CD-ROM or DVD to be in the drive in order for the software to start up. This somewhat protects against installing multiple copies of software on multiple machines, but does ... piracy. On t...

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... . Other things people use their computers for is entertainment. People can listen to their favorite music CD in their computer, by either using a CD or downloading the music off the internet. People can also make their own CD by mixing songs from different CD into on to one CD. Also with certain programs, users can watch their favorite DVD on their computer instead of have ... ...

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... the internet. Music trends change through the years, but the popularity of music has not changed. We've gone from 45 rpm records to 8 track tapes to cassette tapes to CD to DVD. The industry continues to grow, as do the prices to purchase the latest music. With the popular surge of the internet in the past ten years, music is ... music service and the actual songs are free, people whose internet connection has been use to download music are being charged. Unknowingly people especially teens and children, downloaded music to CD which has been deemed illegal by the FCC and the music indus...

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... is big time record companies that have been ripping off music consumers for half a century. No more are we forced to buy a $17 cd because we only like one song, ending up with a pocket full of lint, and a cd full of shit. The Technology savvy, computer literate, youth of the world have struck back at the monopoly that is the recording industry ... know that even though my local record store does not carry a particular band or song I"m searching for, I can always find it on a p2p network. Just two weeks ago I found out a cd from one of my favorite bands was out of print. In the old days ...

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... is television.In the modern market place, packaging is very influential in the demand for goods. One example of this is within the entertainment industry - CD quality pirates are available to anyone with a computer and a CD burner and retailers are finding thefts of empty cases (packaging) on the increase because the casing is now the most desirable and most expensive part of ... many cd based formats. This not only applies to music, but also game consoles as they are very easy to "chip- (modified and cracked to play copied games). A good brand name and ... ...

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... etc.), significant, further improvements are probably no longer possible. The widespread use of digital technology in the audio media - compact discs, and digital cassette recorders - has made "CD quality" the yardstick with which all audio sources are compared. Now, in addition to growing interest in improved sound quality for broadcasting services, an ever increasing number of broadcasting services ... the weaknesses of conventional broadcasting systems. Firstly, DAB will offer a sound quality far superior to that of existing VHF/FM services. The technical quality will be equivalent t...

• Word Count: 1563
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... created a format called MP3, which is abbreviation for MPEG Layer 3. This was the first format that could save a song in your computer with the same CD quality but only occupying 10% of the disk space that a CD song needs (KING). "The good news about music in cyberspace is that it's so new that the law and industry customs haven"t hardened to stone ... most challenging task for the Labels now as until now it has been impossible to detect a way to stop it. The highly advanced security systems that were supposed to block a CD when somebody tried to copy it was destroyed six hours after th...

• Word Count: 1947
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... . To save time they wanted to create a single place on the internet where they could store all of their information. This was much easier than to physically go and borrow a CD or tape and then manually record it. It made obtaining all of their music more practical and even more so only a few mouse clicks away. This seemed harmless at first ... to protect their art and investments. In conclusion, the questions of the morality of Napster is a matter of opinion. I believe that if a particular artist wishes to make a specific song or CD available to their fans via internet download then that...

• Word Count: 543
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