... delivered PNP gene and fludarabine. Each of these new therapies shows substantial success in inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells or in reducing tumor volumes and growth. (Gong, et al., 1999; Kondo, et al., 2000; Voeks, et al., 2002). A gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (GDEPT) is yet another method in which prostate cancer cells are specifically targeted for destruction. This process involves using ... that prostate cancer cells are recognizable from normal cells by their sensitivity to androgen, their expression of telomerase, and the presence of PSMA (a cell-surface glycopr...

• Word Count: 1024
• Approx Pages: 4

... and postmenopausal women. Also, depletion of these hormones places women at a higher risk of developing other more serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and Alzheimer's (Simon et al., 2001). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) administers natural or synthetically derived hormones to supplement a menopausal woman's own diminished supply. Currently there are several HRT's available, offering ... a range of doses of estrogen alone or in combination with progesterone delivered orally, transdermally or through injection (Simon et al, 2001). For healthy perimenopausal a...

• Word Count: 1406
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of myocardial infarctions before the age of 50 years; and 70% of chronic lung diseases (smoker's lung), are caused by tobacco smoking (Allard et al., 1998). The tar in tobacco is responsible for the development of cancer. The most important malignancy related to smoking is lung cancer. The 5-year ... between 5 and 10%. A substantial proportion of cancers in the mouth, throat, esophagus, urinary bladder and pancreas are also caused by tobacco smoking (Allard et al.) The most disabling chronic lung disease related to smoking is chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD, 'smoker's lung') comp...

• Word Count: 2015
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... considered the biggest environmental disaster to date. DDT, or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, reportedly induced cancer in animals, induced antiandrogen effects, and impaired Natural Killer cells and T lymphocyte responses (Daniels et al. 2002). But now estrogen mimics confront the environment with a potentially greater catastrophe. Estrogen mimics, or xenoestrogens (foreign estrogens), are introduced into the body from the environment, mimic ... , and wood-derived sterols. Therefore, Exposure to such chemicals can lead to developmental abnormalities, reproductive failure, altered immu...

• Word Count: 495
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... is considered to be the predominant risk factor in laryngeal carcinogens. It is a known fact that the more you smoke the greater the risk. In two separate studies, Maier et al62 and Destefani et al found that 96.5% and 97.2%, respectively, of patients with laryngeal cancer were smokers (Koufman & Burke, 1999). The consumption of all types of alcohol can have cancer-causing effects ... ...

• Word Count: 2421
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of developing these diseases in adulthood. The most immediate consequence of being overweight as perceived by children themselves is social discrimination and low-self-esteem. In a recent study by Schwimmer, et.al. (2003), obese children rated their quality of life with scores as low as those of young cancer patients on chemotherapy. In the study, 106 children aged 5 to 18 filled out ... ...

• Word Count: 448
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . There are at least five major ethical rules that can be drawn from the law. These include liberty and rights, good faith, due care, confidentiality, and conflict of interest (Corley et al. 367). In this scenario, the Vice President of Production demonstrated a breach of ethics. Foremost, the vice president has not acted in good faith. As defined in the Find Law legal ... ...

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... of ATP. As phosphocreatine stores become depleted, performance is likely to rapidly deteriorate, due to the inability to resynthesize ATP at the rate required. It has been hypothesized by Ransone et al (2002) that increasing muscle Creatine through creatine supplementation may increase the availability of phosphocreatine and allow for an accelerated rate of resynthesis of ATP during and following high intensity, short ... ...

• Word Count: 641
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When discussing issues of pesticide uses and its impacts on the environment, there are four major contributors involved: Rachel Carson, Robert Van Den Bosch, Sandra Stiengraber, and Theo Colburn et. al. These contributors have covered the issues from trying to control nature with chemical poisons to pesticides causing cancer. Some of these people have lived their entire lives involved in stopping ... ...

• Word Count: 1318
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... more we encounter the slippery slope of germ line gene therapy. Sources: Harper, J.C. and Wells, D. "Recent advances and future developments in PGD" Prenatal Diagnosis 19 (1999): 1193-1199 Ray, Pierre F. et.al. "Successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex linked Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using specific diagnosis" Prenatal Diagnosis 19 (1999): 1237-1241. Sudbery, Peter. Human Molecular Genetics. Singapore: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998. Lee ... ...

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... of developing these diseases in adulthood. The most immediate consequence of being overweight as perceived by children themselves is social discrimination and low-self-esteem. In a recent study by Schwimmer, et.al. (2003), obese children rated their quality of life with scores as low as those of young cancer patients on chemotherapy. In the study, 106 children aged 5 to 18 filled out ... ...

• Word Count: 444
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When discussing issues of pesticide uses and its impacts on the environment, there are four major contributors involved: Rachel Carson, Robert Van Den Bosch, Sandra Stiengraber, and Theo Colburn et. al. These contributors have covered the issues from trying to control nature with chemical poisons to pesticides causing cancer. Some of these people have lived their entire lives involved in stopping ... ...

• Word Count: 1299
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate