... mass. When an individual is on a VLCD decreases in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are detected (Van Gaal et al., 1992; Ross et al., 1995). Racette et al, (1995) stated that if there is a decline in an individuals resting metabolic rate that it could essentially reduce their fat-free mass. ... after initial therapy. Increasing exercise activities seems to be a therapeutic approach to overcome energy saving mechanisms of weight reduction and weight maintenance (Van Gaal et al., 1992). By combining exercise with a low calorie diet may obese women think that it will accelerate weight ...

• Word Count: 1748
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 4 years who smoked 21+ cigarettes a day could only cover 2188 meters4. These results show how performance decreases the more a person smokes in their lifetime. An experiment performed by Robert C. Klesges et al. found that although smokers did fewer sports, and leisure time activities, they did the same amount of anaerobic activities5. The study also found that smokers had the same energy intake ... for the weight loss aspect, nicotine by itself it betters for your body. But many feel a physical pleasure in smoking, which cannot be met by just nicotine supplements. 1 Marti, Bernard et a...

• Word Count: 1808
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... as follows: Type II Diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, strokes, blindness, metabolic syndrome and amputation. This is alarming for any person just wanting to have a healthy baby. Case et al. reviews a study by C. Kim et al. has done studies showing women develop Type II Diabetes at similar rates, with the most diagnosis in the first 5 years postpartum and then at similar rates after 10 ... science of medicine an exploration to see if there is a genetic connection with GDM and then Type II Diabetes is a must. In the journal, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Ekelund, et al, ...

• Word Count: 2112
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... when the patient decides to increase the training intensity, it is recommended that they begin with 50 % of the maximum amount they are able to lift in one repetition. (Balady ET al, 2000) However, there is a high risk factor when resistance training and it should generally be avoided by sufferers. Other activities that are best avoided include press-ups, digging, moving/lifting ... ) and after 10-34 weeks of detraining the aerobic fitness will be completely regressed to it's original level (Fringer ET al 1974). VO2 max will decrease and return to previous levels after only 4 to 12 weeks...

• Word Count: 2819
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... media's portrayal of a slim "ideal" body for women has been linked to the increasing rates of Dieting disorders and body image dissatisfaction. King et al showed their participants photographs of celebrities ranging in size and shape. The participants were required to choose the image that they believed portrayed the celebrity's ... showed that after women viewed images of female fashion models, they described themselves as being less satisfied with their own physical appearance and weight. Pinhas et al hypothesized that women who are exposed to the visual image of the ideal of female be...

• Word Count: 2093
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... ." Sam is one year old, he has only learnt to walk, and already the obsession is starting" (Solovay 2000, 40). Also, it has been noted in a study done by Hammarlund et al, that poor family functioning and parental control are risk factors contributing to childhood obesity. Fat parents may be desperate to make their children slim to avoid the harassment and lost ... prominent in American society. The Unites States has even been termed an overweight nation. Some twenty to thirty percent of American adults are now considered obese (Hwang 1999 and Hirsch et al 1997). With this in mind, Ameri...

• Word Count: 4143
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... children and teens. Consequences of Childhood Obesity The problem of childhood obesity can be seen in terms of the short-term effects and the long term effects. According to Waters et al. (2010), the health risk for the obese children currently cannot be understated. The obese children are more likely to have high blood pressure and cholesterol levels that are high which ... of low sugar and fat that can be used to treat the children include a medium-size apple, a cup of blueberries, a cup of grapes and a medium sized banana (Institute of Medicine (U.S.)et al, 2010). 4. Help children st...

• Word Count: 1386
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• Grade Level: High School

... and BMI. Further, there was not a connection found between proximity of "non-fast food" restaurants and BMI but was associated with frequency of eating at those restaurants (Jeffery et al. 5). My question is: If there is no connection found between proximity and BMI but there is a connection between proximity and frequency of consumption, what information is needed to complete these ... Christopher Carpenter. "Proximity of Fast-Food Restaurants to Schools and Adolescent Obesity." American Journal of Public Health 99.3 (2009): 505-510. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Oct. 2014. Jeffery...

• Word Count: 1217
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• Grade Level: High School

... start thinning ("Anorexia Nervosa" 2). Anorexics begin to feel worthless because they feel their body is not the right size or shape. "Anorexia nervosa affects one to three million Americans" (Insel, et al 238), but there are no known causes for it. Kinoy, Mueller, and Atchley state that eating disorders stem from an obsession with food and shape (6). Anorexia nervosa can actually develop ... receiving. Eventually, when the body fat and muscles are gone and there is nothing else to feed on, the body will try to get proteins from its own organs (Insel, et al 238). Five to twenty-five per...

• Word Count: 1685
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... training volume or intensity (Beals, Breg, & Gongon, 1999). The main risk factor associated with osteoporosis is amenorrhea and the resulting hypoestrogenia (Beals, Breg, & Gongon, 1999). Prevention of the Triad Joy et al (1997) suggests that prevention of the triad start with the education of coaches, teachers, and parents to recognize early symptoms of the triad. As well, Joy ... et al imply that increased awareness and sensitivity to the problem of the triad are key. Furthermore, education needs to start at an early age for young athletes to focus on nutrition. ... ...

• Word Count: 2544
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... after exercise. Doctors suggest large intakes of carbohydrates before exercise for diabetes carriers to meet the glucose needs of the muscles. The second article that I used was that of Konen, et al. He and his colleagues conducted testing and research on "changes in diabetic urinary and transferrin excretion after moderate exercise". This article was a report of the way the research was conducted ... ...

• Word Count: 1406
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... after exercise. Doctors suggest large intakes of carbohydrates before exercise for diabetes carriers to meet the glucose needs of the muscles. The second article that I used was that of Konen, et al. He and his colleagues conducted testing and research on "changes in diabetic urinary and transfer in excretion after moderate exercise". This article was a report of the way the research was ... ...

• Word Count: 1621
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School