... conquered the entire southern half of the Roman Empire, not to mention the Slavic peoples that slavicised' large parts of central and eastern Europe between the Baltic sea and the Aegean. The events that caused the Western Empires demise was not confined to the Germanic peoples, but was far more extensive both geographically and chronologically. However it was at the ... character, culture and identity are decisively shown to be brought about by Christianity's far reaching effects on western peoples of the day, and the introduction of barbarian peoples into the Roman territories which ...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... to order by converting everyone to Christianity, making it be ruled by one government, and by educating people. Charlemagne wanted all of Western Europe to become Christian. Charlemagne launched a campaign to conquer and convert the pagan Saxons. It was treacherous to be a Saxon. He did not want there to be any perfidy. His illumination ... enlarge his kingdom which was called the Frankish Empire. It included Germany, France, Northern Spain, and most of Italy. Now most all of Europe was finally ruled by one government, and Charlemagne was in control. Charlemagne wanted to revise learni...

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... of the emperor. This shifted focus from the Roman state to a new society based around Christianity. Rome had expanded so much across Europe that it could no longer effectively enforce its laws. The Roman officials decided on an outside group, who had the power and number to keep orders ... across Europe, to be left in charge as the new authority across the land. This process was known as outsourcing and this outside group became the ... that they had great influence in government, and due to the ever expanding popularity of Catholicism, the church was able to become the greatest force...

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... Rome itself did not produce anything. The adverse trade balance meant that huge amounts of money were flowing out of the Empire, especially in Western Rome. Many of the Emperors tried to keep their lavish lifestyles even though the economy was collapsing. This had an effect on the economic ... only 75 percent silver, and in the third century A.D., a denarius was only brass with a silver coating. This of course caused a huge inflation across the Western Empire. In addition, the amount of taxes rose steadily to fulfill the state's need of money. As the private economy was gradually overtaxe...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... has always been one of my hobbies. In the summer of 2002, my four friends and I planned to take a seven day trip to Europe. Most of Europe lies in latitudes more northerly than New York, due to which it has warm, Atlantic currents with moderate temperature. The Alps can be used as ... . Once we got our visa's, we bought our tickets to the places we wanted to visit in Europe and planned our trip in more detail. Our first destination was Rome (Italy). Italy is situated in Europe and attached in the north to the European mainland. In a century marked by immense political unrest, ... rate ...

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... use of instruments like the organ or whole orchestras , enhanced the sound of the choir and added to the richness of Baroque choral music. II. Personalities politics, govt., historical figures Europe and specifically England under went political and social reconstruction during this era after the Thirty Years' War began during the reign of Ferdinand III (r. 1637-57) and continued through the ... the Baroque Era, there were expulsions of many protestant churches, and the Catholic Church nearly wipe out Protestant power. Catholic missionaries were appointed to Protestant areas. Many Protes...

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Romanesque Architecture Romanesque architecture was established in western Europe and was used from about 1000A.D. to the late 1100's. After Rome fell in 476, Roman culture was spread by the Christian church. By the end of the pre-Romanesque ... period Roman styles had fused with elements from the Byzantium Empire and the middle east, and from the Germans, the Celts, and other northern tribes in western Europe. These various combinations created a number of local styles, called Romanesque, meaning "in the manner of the roman." Bunch material An extraordinary achievement of Romanesque architec...

• Word Count: 467
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... 's complexity. Her tragic end is sad but inevitable. Daisy is a wealthy but extremely uncultivated young woman of the American social scene in Europe. The action of the story surrounds her antics, her puzzling behavior, and Winterbourne's fascination with her charming and extremely innocent ways. She is ... flower, pretty and plain, but like all flowers, also fragile. As Daisy is "milled" or put through a finishing process during her trip to Europe, she is crushed; her physical beauty is transient and can not ensure her survival. The beauty of Rome has also decayed, and it is appropriate ...

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... wanted land along with their power. They set their eyes on the valuable lands around them and the Mediterranean world as well as parts of Northern Europe and Asia. The Roman civilization and culture was much influenced by the Phonetians and Greeks. Later, the Romans were in control of these lands ... all located in the same area, providing a throughway to Rome for trade routes from China and the Middle East. Thrace, being on the south western coast of the Black Sea made it easy for the Romans to sail farther inland to what is today Russia. Greece was located on the Agean ... to the nort...

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... and freed slaves at every opportunity. Although he tolerated the circus, he ordered gladiators to fight with blunted points. Needing extra funds for his wars in Eastern Europe, he refused to raise taxes but instead held a public auction of his own golden tableware and of his wife's silk and gold embroidered dresses. The Meditations ... Hannibal. Another Germanic Tribe was the Vandals. They led to the collapse of the Roman borders in 406 as they overran the Empire's Western provinces with the Alans, Suebi, the Goths, and others. However, they most well-known for their sack of Rome in 455....

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• Grade Level: High School

classical,choral,chants Classical Music was a popular term for the Western tradition of art music that began in Europe in the Middle Ages. Classical music has these types of music, symphonies, chamber music, opera and other music. Choral Music was music that was sung by a group of people, using ... . Choral music is written for choruses or choirs that have adults, children, or both children and adults in it. Part singing practices were also made in folk, tribal, and non Western cultures they say. Such singing that they do sometimes includes some manual labor, expresses joy or sorrow, or form...

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... century. Some of these problems were due to external factors and others were due to internal decay. These factors contribute to some of the explanations for the fall of the Western Roman Empire. There are many causes for the decline of the Roman Empire. To start off Rome had some social and Economic problems. As wealth poured into Rome through conquest ... . These actions caused the government to lose the support of the people. Also, the division of the empire by Diocletian weakened it because the Eastern portion no longer had the Western portions back. Second were the economic problems ...

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... armies. 13. Thessaly, Greece: Waters Dardanelles. 14. Hellespont: Bridge of the Greeks. 15. Propontis / Sea of Marmora : The small inland sea which (in part) separates the Turkish dominions in Europe from those in Asia, and is connected through the Bosporus with the Black Sea (q.v.) and through the Dardanelles with the Aegean 16. Bosporus: Where Constantinople will be founded. 17. Asia ... Minor / Anatolia: Extension of Greece. Western and Central parts hellenized. Blessed by thriving sea ports and great agriculture. Sheltered by the mountain ranges in the east. 18. Syria: West bank, Jo...

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... diminish (Augustus). Antony formed a friendship with Cleopatra while Octavian began to gather power in Italy. Lepidus was forced to give up politics by Octavian. Octavian became the dominant figure in western Rome after his victory over Sextus and the resignation of Lepidus from their triumvirate (Augustus). Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, and Antony married in 36 BC. Relations between Antony and Octavian ... to Egypt and the Sahara Desert (Miller, ed. 153). These places helped spread many aspects of Roman life. One of these aspects was culture. The Latin language was spread throughout Weste...

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... River. The Aryans were warlike people and were the builders of the new Indian civilization. They were among one of the many groups of Indo-European people who migrated across Europe and Asia seeking water and pasture for their horses. Not much is known about this group of people. Most of what we know about the Aryans comes from the Vedas ... through Asia Minor into Palestine and south to Egypt. Then he headed further east, crossing the Hindu Kush into northern India. Because of Alexander's conquests, gradually, a blending of eastern and western cultures occurred, which was one of his gr...

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... that slowly caused it to become like a different civilization. The economy in Rome was excellent until citizens started hoarding their money because trade was declining. Money almost stopped circulating in western portions of the empire. Barbarian tribes were coming into cities, and in addition to stealing goods, they were stealing from the treasury, which makes money just that much more rare ... the army slowly declined during the last years of the empire, causing the fall of the Roman Empire. One theory states that a massive Roman army was put together for the western part of the empi...

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... impressive monuments only comparable to it's glory. Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy's Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of Western Asia, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean Islands. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar's rise and fall in the first ... ...

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... artists and scholars went to Rome to be taught by master craftsmen. Rome also became a site of great religious increases. Venice was a city of great trading. It linked Asia and Western Europe in trade routes, also drawing traders from the rest of the world. Venice was also known for it's artistic achievements. Florence, Rome and Venice were three of the most influential ... ...

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... Dark Ages. Through the control of a large family, or a small army, these landowners became lords through force and through sheer procession of large amounts of land.The feudal lords of Western Europe, through the men to whom they had distributed fiefs, began to exert economic control over the villages and districts under their control? (Nelson). These Aristocrats began to form large domains ... ...

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... 753 B.C when Romulus and Remus founded their great city. It continued to expand from a small city in the southern part of Italy into a flourishing Empire that eventually controlled all of Europe and parts of Africa. The Empire persevered for almost 1300 years before it fell into the hands of the Barbarians in 476 A.D. The Collapse of this great Empire is one ... . As time went by more and more Barbarians settled into the Empire and in 410 AD Rome was sacked by Visigoths which meant that the Barbarians took control of the Western Empire. The Eastern Empire lasted longer than the west but ...

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... Romans made significant changes to the styles and forms of buildings and the changes made upon such forms "had created a daring and unique style that was profoundly to influence the western world." (Payne 247) The Ancient Greek style of architecture can be clearly seen in the Roman arches that they constructed with significance placed on key elements. One Key element in ... , amphitheaters, and circuses, which were designed for recreation. The Romans created a vast empire over the years; they expanded throughout the Mediterranean region, to North Africa, Asia Minor, and most of Europe. I...

• Word Count: 1365
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... Dar- al- Islam. He could therefore include the Islamic Empire as one of the kingdoms, under the name of Ishmael. Also, he was not aware of a sizeable, Christian, empire in Europe, and was forced to say that Ishmael was one of the empires, because Rome, the fourth empire, had been defeated. He therefore put Rome and Ishmael together as the fourth ... Moslem and Christian empires of the time. This fact can help explain his departure from the explanation of Saadia that put Rome and Ishmael together. Firstly, if Ibn Ezra knew western culture and basic history, he would know that the styles ...

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... Roman Empire. The Middle East was conquered by the Romans in 30 B.C. At its peak, in the A.D. 100", the Roman Empire covered much of the Middle East, about half of Europe, and the north coast of Africa. It was at about this time that the empire began to collapse. One theory for what caused the fall of the Roman Empire is ... eastern part. They had more fertile land and economically were more powerful than the west. By having more people and having not near the extent of external pressure as the western part received was able to ensure that the east would survive for a longer time period...

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• Grade Level: High School

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, usually referred to as Caravaggio after his birthplace near Milan, is one of the most important artists in the history of Western art. From his early teens into his twenties he was trained in Milan as an apprentice in a painter's studio. He traveled to Rome in the early 1590's to enter the ... state of mind. It is also the first indication of a shift in his painting style. Even though his life was short, his painting style had enormous impact on artists throughout Europe. Caravaggio's style consists of a rejection of idealization in favor of realism vividly...

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... to his cave in Subiaco. Here, he attracted many followers and was eventually persuade to found 12 monasteries throughout Europe. The most famous of Benedict's monasteries was at Monte Cassino, where he wrote his Benedictine Rule. This rule set the basis for western monasticism. In this rule, Benedict sets forth numerous vows in which a monk must take. Through the vows of obedience ... ...

• Word Count: 444
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• Grade Level: High School