... the former Soviet Union to help meet its food needs, while pursuing environmentally aggressive and unsustainable techniques to maximize the output of its land, only 20 percent of which is arable. Continuous cropping has led to soil depletion and the overuse of ammonium sulfate, as nitrogen ... fertilizer has contributed to acidification of the soil and a reduction in yields. The need to bring more and more marginal land into production has caused deforestation that in turn has increased the rapidity of runoff, soil erosion, and riverbed silting and, ultimately, has led ... transportat...

• Word Count: 2060
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... were no longer aloud to sell it for profit, this caused food shortages in 1919-1920 and in 1921 full scale famine made worse by bad weather and disease, 7 million died. In 1921, the Kronstadt mutiny, where sailors previously loyal to the Bolsheviks revolted against War Communism. Although ... of Imperial wealth and the poverty of the people. The Tsar could not accept their "radical" demands; equality of all citizens before the law, land reform, universal and free education, more equitable distribution of the tax burden. He therefore dismissed the Duma in July of 1906. The second Duma .....

• Word Count: 926
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... -year plans. To feed the ever-growing workforce with both people and food reform of the agricultural system was needed. Despite the fertile land exploitation in the Ukraine, which fed the Soviet Union, there were still regular famines and the peasants who worked on the farms bore ... peasants would be needed as workers and collectivisation was to secure these workers, and the peasant produce for the workers. By forcing peasant land owners into collective farms the Soviet Union provided an agricultural backbone to feed its industrialisation whilst preventing famine from ever reoccurring i...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of Russia. Compared to the rest of Europe, Russia had been far behind economically. The agriculture of Russia was very bad, and a series of poor harvest caused mass starvation for the peasants. By 1850, 90% of the population lived off the land, farming. Russia was in great need to industrialize because of the great deficit in ability to produce foods needed for ... revolts against them. Outdated farming techniques also led to problems, because the equipment the nobles had made it hard for the peasants to work the land and earn enough money to eventually buy their own land and even suppo...

• Word Count: 812
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is so large that it is hard to implement new policies and laws, as it takes time to do the implementation to all the states. Russia was left in such a bad state post-soviet. Russia was also left with a large foreign debt from the Soviet Union, it was predicted, "at the end of 1991, the debt was estimated at US$65 ... of the population were at levels below the poverty line, which is living on less than $16 month and the dramatic drop in life expectancy. As Russia was in such a bad state, it is going to take such a long time to get it back on track. For example, as of 1992, "Russia's tota...

• Word Count: 1782
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... necessity considering all the problems Stalin faced, although historians today argue that ideology was also a very strong reason. Indeed, the Collectivisation of the Russian farms implied the redistribution of the land to create large and more economically viable farms, which did follow perfectly the Communist ideology. However, another evidence of his ideology coming out was the "dekulakisation". One of his objectives ... of human lives as 13 million were either killed, deported into labour camps or new factories. Around 3 million people died due to the famine conditions of 1932-1933 b...

• Word Count: 2709
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... until after the revolution in 1918, as with many other pieces of his work. Lenin had created the foundations to begin a revolution, however Lenin had created the slogan "Peace Bread Land", which nearly everyone was saying in the streets in Russia. Although his written work was published after the revolution these slogans showed how practical the Russian people were, Lenin knew ... was the main factor of the revolution, the provisional government did not want to finish the war, Lenin also used this to gain favour. The provisional government and its very bad decisions also played a big pa...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Economy Of Hungary During the two decades following World War II, Hungary was transformed from a predominantly agricultural land into an industrial-agricultural state. This transformation was carried out under a system of central planning patterned on that of the Soviet Union. Consumer desires were ignored, tight labor discipline was ... , from 4 to 239; the number of automobiles, from 3 to 61; and the number of television sets, from 10 to 233. The country, Hungary, in personal terms is not doing to bad as a look from the American student perspective. It may be true, however, that other count...

• Word Count: 1630
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate