... many other books that are along the themes of spy, espionage, government and social and moral conflicts within and among states. In Hunt for Red October, we find that the US and British intelligence services become aware, through smuggled out photographs, of a new submarine that the USSR, former Soviet Union, Russia) is developing and is about ... and the cavitations in the water are soon identified as the signature or fingerprint of the Red October when it is using the new water jet propulsion system. The submarine runs virtually silent down a system of deep water canals in the Atlant...

• Word Count: 1089
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ruled the largest empire in the world of 125 million people. This meant tremendous responsibility and pressure to maintain a balanced and comfortable life for the people of Russia. However, due to his poor decisions and leadership skills, there were numerous events such as Bloody Sunday and World War ... Nicholas II. News of 'Bloody Sunday' swept Russia and suddenly there were protests and uprising all over the empire, creating utter panic for the Tsar. Acts of rebellion flooded the nation, such as peasants murdering landlords, workers going on strike in cities and towns, and liber...

• Word Count: 950
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the war after Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor. They fought to repress Hitler's ideology, preserving their own ideas of democracy, capitalism, and equality for all. Even though the war ended in 1945 shortly following the death of Hitler, the marks that the War had left on the continent ... meter, and every so often the soloist will have three quarter notes, and there will be two dotted quarter notes in the same spot in the accompaniment. This hemiola pattern creates a more chaotic, unaligned feel, and completes a perfect metaphor for World War II: the precise duple first half representing...

• Word Count: 1089
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lenin was responsible for the outbreak of revolution in October 1917. Discuss. During the month of October, the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd. They had completed a coup against the ever-unpopular capitalist government ... . Many say that there were many instances of chance in the coup, there was also strong influence of key individuals including Lenin. Although he was a strong influence within the revolution, he wasn't solely responsible for ... provisional government, Lenin had rejected the idea of the Provisional Government. These 10 points included the immediate end to the war, suppo...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... This shows that young people from all parts of the political spectrum were making their voices heard. While less radical and violent than the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), their approximate liberal equivalent, YAF was generally a very successful college political organization. Few groups of young people have ... been influential enough to take over a political party and get a candidate nominated for the presidency of the United States, as YAF was able to do with the Republican party and Barry Goldwater in the 1960's. As opposed ... Its supporters would destroy equality of opp...

• Word Count: 970
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Bolshevik dictatorship established after the October Revolution was very quickly faced with numerous monumental crises. The civil war against the various anti-Bolshevik forces, the paralysing economic crisis, and the widespread political discontent were all dangerous ... this manner when faced with a similar situation in WWI eventually led to its loss of control of the army, and subsequently, its loss of political power in February 1917. In October 1917 the Bolsheviks inherited an economy on the brink of collapse. Four years of devastating war had paralysed Russian industry, and the outb...

• Word Count: 956
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Fall of Communism in Russia The Reasons for the fall of Socialism/Communism and the Troubles of Starting the New Democratic System in the Russian Federation "Let's not talk about Communism. Communism was just an idea, just pie in the sky." Boris Yeltsin (b. 1931), Russian politician, president. Remark during a visit to the U.S. Quoted in: Independent (London, 13 Sept. 1989). ... , and of not accomplishing anything toward the reunification of Germany under East German rule. After the ousting of Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev became the Soviet Communist Party Secretary General in October of 19...

• Word Count: 3016
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 's few major cities namely, St. Petersburg and Moscow swelled with overcrowding. With low wages, poor working conditions, and no representative voice, strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the capital on and off for years. After periodic repression, the government could barely hold. This situation was made worse by the onset of World War I. Russia's backward position relative to the West, its lack of ... February of that year, demonstrators took the opportunity to set up their own Provisional Government, forcing Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate and ending over three centuries of Romanov rule....

• Word Count: 356
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... September 4, 1962, President Kennedy dispensed a public notice opposing the initiation of assault weapons into Cuba. In spite of the cautionary, on October 14 a U.S. U–2 aircraft snapped a number of photographs visibly displaying positions for medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear arsenals under production in Cuba. These pictures were exposed to the White House the following day, hence ... The Joint Chiefs of Staff declared a "military readiness status of DEFCON 3 as U.S. naval forces began implementation of the quarantine and plans accelerated for a military strike on ...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Minister of Russia and leader of the Provisional Government. Kerensky played a vital role in Russia's history as he was a crucial contributor to the revolutionary situation in October of 1917. He contributed to the October 1917 revolution through his controversial continuation of the war, the Kornilov affair, and his poor judgement of the Bolsheviks and their potential.  Firstly, as Alexander Kerensky became ... the Provisional Government would come from would emerge as crucial to the revolutionary situation in October 1917 as it allowed the Bolshevik uprising to take place relatively u...

• Word Count: 666
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... development and formation of Russia, without which, the USSR may have never been formed. He states "Lenin did make history. In the April Theses of 1917 he drafted a strategy for the party to seize power. In October he insisted that power should be seized. In March he fended off a German Invasion of Russia If Lenin had not campaigned ... for these strategical shifts, the USSR would have never been established and consolidated."1 Many would argue that the 1917 October revolution would have not succeeded had it not been for the weakness of the provisional government, or the Petrograd sovie...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... facto recognition to Solidarity, and Interior Minister Kiszczak began talks with Lech Walesa on August 31. These talks broke off in October, but a new series, the "roundtable" talks, began in February 1989. These talks produced an agreement in April for partly open National Assembly elections. The June election produced a Sejm (lower house), in which one-third of the seats went ... a little over 40%. The cabinet was reshuffled in July 1990; the national defense and interior affairs ministers--hold-overs from the previous communist government--were among those replaced. In October 1990, t...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... winter supplies. The lack of proper supplies and the fierce stubbornness of both the German and Soviet armies caused the battle to drag on for a much longer time than Hitler had anticipated. During this time that the German army was distracted with the Soviet army, it was just enough time ... the war. The USSR's Defeat Over Germany Germany invaded the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941 with a prejudice that they could defeat and take Moscow by October that year. The German army were advancing extremely rapidly with the deadly Blitzkrieg attack, and one million Soviet troops were conscript...

• Word Count: 1288
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to do, and his pre-revolution strategy alone gave the Bolsheviks strength and set it in good stead. His push for the revolution to take place in October 1917, with scepticism from other members in the party given the disastrous July Days, was proven to be a correct ... decision; as the Provisional government crumbled under the threat and the Bolsheviks took power. As Lenin said, "History will not forgive us if we do not take power now to delay is a crime." His appropriate sense of timing, with action planned for ... the eve of the second All-Russian Congress o Soviets, led to the stormi...

• Word Count: 1454
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On October 7, 1957, the Space Age officially began. The USSR had sent a satellite, "Sputnik", into orbit around Earth. The journey lasted less than 100 minutes, but it was a landmark occasion nonetheless and ... program. However, less than a month later, before America could make any significant progress, the Soviets sent a second satellite into orbit, but this time it had a passenger. Laika the dog survived for 10 days in space (before oxygen supply ran out), proving that living beings could be sent into space. Laika captured the hearts of people the world over, and in the ... public eye t...

• Word Count: 445
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... during the early summer, Napoleon and Hitler's target was to capture Moscow. They both expected a quick victory so they did not prepare them selves for the harsh Russian winter. Russia used the same tactics on Hitler as they used on Napoleon they burned everything in site grain fields, they slaughtered ... . Napoleon entered Moscow in September 14, and found it in flames Napoleon and his army stayed in the ruined city for fine weeks they were there till mid October too late to advance farther and perhaps too late even to retreat. Napoleon than ordered his starving army to turn back ... 8...

• Word Count: 304
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Bolsheviks seized power in a relatively bloodless coup, overthrowing the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky. Although Stalin apparently had no role in the October Revolution itself, he was shortly thereafter appointed, by Lenin, to the position of People's Commissar for Nationalities within the new Bolshevik government. Stalin's job was, basically, to manage relations between the various ethnic groups of the former Russian ... Stalin's second-generation descendants were half-Jewish) and Stalin has direct descendants living both within and outside of Russia today (Svetlana hers...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... garde been so allied with a reigning government. Yet after being embraced by Lenin and his plan for Monumental Propaganda, the avant-garde fail victim to the very monster they helped to construct. In October 1917, the Red Army joined the Revolutionists and put down once and for all the Tsarist Régime that had reigned over Russian since the fifteenth century. The streets ... avant-garde began to draw plans to decorate all major cities in Russia. The artists began decorating the streets of Kiev, Vitebsk, Moscow and Petrograd in preparation for the one-year anniversary of the October Revol...

• Word Count: 4641
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Bolsheviks seized power in a relatively bloodless coup, overthrowing the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky. Although Stalin apparently had no role in the October Revolution itself, he was shortly thereafter appointed, by Lenin, to the position of People's Commissar for Nationalities within the new Bolshevik government. Stalin's job was, basically, to manage relations between the various ethnic groups of the former Russian ... Stalin's second-generation descendants were half-Jewish) and Stalin has direct descendants living both within and outside of Russia today (Svetlana hers...

• Word Count: 7028
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , that they had the support of the masses. Trotsky once wrote, 25,000 to 30,000 people took part in the events of October in Petrograd; this in a city of 2 million people- (Salisbury 80). It is important to establish, that by no means did ... through the capital city. This was to occur during the night preceding the opening session of the Second Congress of Soviets on October 25. The next day, the congress would have to ratify the abolition of the Provisional Government and the transfer of all powers ... in the future. The Bolsheviks' plans were elaborate and cautiously strung together p...

• Word Count: 2068
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... had began in these countries, especially in Poland and Hungary. In Budapest, in the literary club Petofi, the calls for a change of government had sounded. The requirements for change led to disorders in Poznan, accompanied with clashes with police in June 28, 1956. Khrushchev's speech undermined the political ... arguments, failed to stop the centrifugal forces, unleashed by the reaction to the report of Khrushchev. Sharp aggravation of the Polish-Soviet relations in October 1956 after the election of the new leadership of the Polish communists, led by W. Gomulka, the revolution in Hung...

• Word Count: 846
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... are appeared in regions with economic stagnations. In this case people are predisposed to express their national values and are easily affected. Transcaucasus region differ from other regions for many reasons. There is no region in the World which accumulates such number of nations within such little geographical territory. Diversity of ethnical groups are expanded across this region ... five nations, Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Abkhazians and Ossetians dominated in Transcaucasus. Historically, they ruled their certain fatherlands and were periodically oppressed by different pow...

• Word Count: 2599
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... impracticable task of economic liberalization and democratization. This is combined with a necessity to answer nationalist and ethnic questions that have plagues Russia for centuries. The dilemma facing the Russian Federation is that it finds itself with a charge of establishing and following democratic institutions, while at ... reformers, led by Prime Minister Gaidar, placed the Russian economy on a steady diet of shock therapy (Harris). In October 1991 in a speech made by Yeltsin, he called for several profound reforms,"" including the liberalization of prices, cuts in public spendin...

• Word Count: 1541
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to guarantee the physical survival of the Jewish masses. In addition, they also initiated widespread activity on other spheres such as not showing up for labor.. One form of unarmed resistance was the smuggling of food inside the ghetto. One can take Poland as an example, official German ... When the Nazi's entered the ghetto on April 19, 1943, Passover Eve, they met determined resistance; in factthe Jews held back the Germans for longer than the French army could hold back German invasion in France. The resistance was by and large organized by the Jewish fighting organization ( ... ZOB),...

• Word Count: 1262
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... prestige both at home and abroad. With foreign and domestic affairs failing under Nicholas" government, Father George Gapon, an Orthodox priest, organized a march in St. Petersburg to petition the tsar for an end to war, a constituent assembly, civil rights, and an 8-hour workday. The Tsar's uncle, Grand Duke Vladimir Aleksandrovich, order troops to fire upon the crowd, killing several hundreds. ... "Bloody Sunday" marked the beginning of unrest throughout Russia. Eventually, the tsar under counsel from Count Witte agreed to a constitution and other reforms. The October Manifesto (Octob...

• Word Count: 1024
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate