... Sputnik, the ITU established a committee to study space communication. "Extraordinary Administrative Conference for space communications was held in 1963 in Geneva to allocate frequencies to the various space services. Subsequent conferences made further allocations and put in place regulations governing the use, by satellites, of the radio-frequency spectrum and associated orbital slots.(ITU.int, 2013) So ... their own levels of control over this medium. As the world continues its relationships with cyberspace, its functionality can be seen from the user's perspective. Those professiona...

• Word Count: 6425
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at a national level. Most current regulations originated at a time when distinctions between sectors were clear. Moreover, they have a national focus, which is increasingly inappropriate as the services market becomes international. In other words, existing regulatory frameworks having been defined for a national, analogue and mono-media environment are now inadequate to deal with the present global, digital ... an international level is obvious. Some time ago, the European Commission launched a Europe-wide debate on the convergence phenomenon as an input to communication policy formulat...

• Word Count: 2357
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... electronic media. Providing public services electronically not only provides citizens time-saving and high-quality services, but also improves efficiency and cost effectiveness. Besides, the move can also promote the development of E-Commerce. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has launched the Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) Scheme on Internet in December 2000, providing more ... than 60 kinds of services round the clock. These services include payment of government bills, filing of tax return, voter registration, renewal of driving and vehicle license, chan...

• Word Count: 905
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ), which represents the major record labels and the owners of millions of sound recordings. Since record labels view MP3 as a huge piracy threat, the RIAA filed suit against Napster in December 1999 on behalf of all the major record labels. Napster was accused of operating as a "haven" for music piracy on the Internet by making illegal copies of MP3 files freely ... all time high. The creators of new P2P programs such as KaZaA and Morpheus have completely de-centralized the index files, making it harder for record companies to shut the services down. Even so, a record amount of lawsuits ...

• Word Count: 4257
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and unorganized technological economy. CERT (Computer Emergency and Response Team) is one of the most popular and prosperous Internet security expertise centers in the United States. It was started in December 1988 by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. CERT is located at the Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research center operated by Carnegie Mellon University. CERT studies Internet security vulnerabilities ... , provides services to Web sites that have been attacked and publishes security alerts. CERT's research activities include the area of Wide Area Net...

• Word Count: 555
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate