... decisiveness. Before the winter of 1918, Stalin had been recalled to Moscow by Lenin. In January of 1919, Lenin and Trotsky sent Stalin into Siberia to stop a major White advance westward, led by the former Tsarist officer Admiral Kolchak. Stalin was in Siberia until February, when he returned to Moscow after failing to do much to stop the advance (and after ... wife was named Nadya Allilueva; she had been serving as his secretary (and had accompanied him to Volgograd the previous year). She was seventeen when they married, and Stalin was 39. Nadya produced two more children for Stalin;...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... decisiveness. Before the winter of 1918, Stalin had been recalled to Moscow by Lenin. In January of 1919, Lenin and Trotsky sent Stalin into Siberia to stop a major White advance westward, led by the former Tsarist officer Admiral Kolchak. Stalin was in Siberia until February, when he returned to Moscow after failing to do much to stop the advance (and after ... wife was named Nadya Allilueva; she had been serving as his secretary (and had accompanied him to Volgograd the previous year). She was seventeen when they married, and Stalin was 39. Nadya produced two more children for Stalin;...

• Word Count: 7028
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... goods from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. The Balkan area was crucial for Russian expansionism in order to gain power in Europe. According to the Russian foreign policy, expansion into the Balkans was important for Pan-Slavism, the idea of uniting all Slavic people of the Orthodox Christian religion. Furthermore, the Balkans were important to Russia for economic ... a major part of Russian expansionism because of the Pan-Slavism movement and economic factors. Russian Foreign Policy Through the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, the Tsarist foreign policy focussed on geographic e...

• Word Count: 2499
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , which hold a substantial amount of the world's oil and gas reserves. According to Barysch, Turkey is located between 70% of the world's oil and gas reserves and the European Union.39 This alone makes Turkey's location strategically invaluable. It is notable that while connecting the EU with the Middle East Turkey also is an important player in the Mediterranean. The potential ... well with a continent-wide agreement to increase the number of pipelines that connect Europe with non-European fields. Therefore, top EU officials are showing their support in different platforms regularly. Ex...

• Word Count: 6977
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... settlers were to be Jewish but simply just to get any population in the eastern Soviet Union. The reasons behind a desire to populate the east, was the fear of Japanese expansion into the area (19). Logistical problems in the Russo-Japanese war had convinced the government of the need to create an agricultural and industrial center in the east (20). Along ... then one must look at other reasons. It seems clear by the late 1930's that the government wanted a quickened process of a common socialist culture, with Russian culture as its leader (39). This could explain how upon his arrest Li...

• Word Count: 3032
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... qualifications of NATO membership for individual states, and heads of NATO insisting on democracy. However, the qualifying criterion for individual states seems to be the most influential factor in NATO expansion posing a threat to world peace. NATO's requirements for admission are shaping the political structures in Central Europe. Some of the criteria for NATO membership are "democratization, civilian control over ... is to create and defend countries and share political values, the purpose of a traditional alliance is to protect its members against a common enemy. Russia cannot help ...

• Word Count: 1006
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... expand to the world around them. Western Catholicism promoted practices that were limiting and disallowed experimentation with intellect and other cultural theologies, and thus there was noticeably less expansion or progress as a thriving, unified empire. In contrast, Islam's tolerance, innovation, and sense of unity enjoyed by its followers made the religion appealing to people all ... around the world. The rapid expansion of Islamic civilization was a product of the flexible relationship between religion and intellect in a society. The capability of balancing the duality of intellectu...

• Word Count: 1444
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1913 increased the army's peacetime strength 515,000 to 544,000 and more artillery and machine-gun units were raised. The news of Germany's military expansion spread quickly and as a result in August 1913 the French Assembly extended compulsory military service from two years to three increasing their men from 545 ... this was necessary. In reaction to this challenge to their naval supremacy, from 1903 to 1910, the British Royal Navy embarked on its own massive expansion to keep ahead of the Germans. This competition came to focus on the revolutionary new ships based on HMS Dreadnought, w...

• Word Count: 2025
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , "city prices of fruit and vegetables, fish, meat, and eggs, were freed from government controls so they could respond to market demand" (Shirk 39). Most importantly, "a surge of private and collective industry and commerce in the countryside" (Shirk 39) occurred. This allowed a great percentage of the populace to become involved in private enterprise and investment in family or group ventures. The conditions ... ...

• Word Count: 6375
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on violence that a civilized society is willing to permit. It does not in any sense preclude the right to revolution, which is a recognized and protected right under international law (pg.39)-. The Chechens lived in repression up until 1991 when they claimed themselves independent of the new Russian Federation. The Russians were quick to use their might and try to control ... of rebels. Most resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly on terrorism contain, at the beginning, a reaffirmation of the inalienable right of self-determination and independence of all peoples.(pg. 39)- Analysi...

• Word Count: 4652
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on violence that a civilized society is willing to permit. It does not in any sense preclude the right to revolution, which is a recognized and protected right under international law (pg.39)-. The Chechens lived in repression up until 1991 when they claimed themselves independent of the new Russian Federation. The Russians were quick to use their might and try to control ... of rebels. Most resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly on terrorism contain, at the beginning, a reaffirmation of the inalienable right of self-determination and independence of all peoples.(pg. 39)- Analysi...

• Word Count: 4426
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , Taiwan and Japan" (Sutter, 2004, p.285). At the same time, Chinese officials have tried to accommodate and prioritize the interests of smaller developing Asian states in order for their expansion to progress. Moreover, China has also joined Russia –along with Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan- "to deal with terrorist issues, border security and economic cooperation in a regional group ... which they get along as a political entity (Choo, 2009, p.390). Moreover, social constructivism expands the definition of power between different nations; for instance, China has me...

• Word Count: 1664
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... important ancient trade routes intersected. The biggest of them were Varangians to the Greeks and Volga trade routes. This combined with constant invasions from eastern nomads and the policy of expansion led Russian to the fate of other imperial languages. It grew to be a dominant way of communication in the region of its reign, but also was doomed to absorb and ... abduct the features of many other languages and bear traces of cultures long gone or assimilated. During the times of Siberian expansion, Russian Empire consumed hundreds of ethnics that spoke in Ural, Turk and Finno-Ugric l...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 's aggressions and his supposed aims of isolating the west. They believed with this blockading and the setting up of anti-western governments in Eastern Europe that Stalin had plans of expansion, which threatened their monopoly over the world and felt that they needed to retaliate. However, Stalin's actions can be justified in two ways. Firstly, for three years, Russia fought the ... be relied upon in case of another war in the near future and therefore, felt the need for allies in Eastern Europe as a matter of security and not for political expansion because twice in twenty years, Germa...

• Word Count: 816
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Russia serfs were considered as having a higher status than slaves, regardless of their position of being one of the lowest classes in Russian society. The system of labor underwent rapid expansion that modeled the increasing power of Russia, its perception of labor shortages, its need for tax revenue, and its military work force requirements. During the early 1800's, Russian civil servants ... usually kidnaped from their homes and worked producing sugar on large plantations in the Caribbean and on cotton plantations in the Southern United States. Slave labor was critical for the expan...

• Word Count: 895
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... business of politically reconstructing a nation defies traditional democratic ideals. The establishment of democratic institutions can hinder the development of a market economy and, conversely, programs that are designed to enhance capitalist expansion often are antagonistic towards democratic goals (Jowitt 7). The Process of Creating A Nation-State The question of who is the playing the game and what makes the playing field was an ... the budding private sector, Russia needs to create an administrative system that actively encourages its growth. Recent improvements in the privatizatio...

• Word Count: 1866
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... but in actuality she wasn't. Breteuil illustrates that Catherine can not be trusted. This is true, how could the serf's, peasant, and nobleman possibly do so when codes 35 and 39 are contradicting on another. Although, Breteuil's letter had several similarities to Catherine's proposal there were slight differences. He was able to capture her ambition to remain the single authority of ... ...

• Word Count: 499
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... U.S.S.R. the following year. The Soviets applied similar pressure to Finland, which had been a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Tsars; but the Finns resisted, however, and in November of 39 Stalin ordered an invasion. He expected a quick, easy war, but amid wintry conditions the Red Army (which had, after all, seen its gener! als purged only a few years before) suffered ... ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ... capable of organizing the movement and leading it... It is necessary to prepare men that devote to the Revolution not just their free evening, but their entire lives- (Pipes Concise 39). This is the sort of fanaticism that propelled the Bolsheviks to power. Their party (more of an ideological order) had very strict ideological criteria and every member must have been ... ...

• Word Count: 2068
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... poured a huge flow of capital greatly stimulated its economic growth. This is primarily to assist in removing the United States from the theater of operations and the associated security investments. Expansion of military conflict was accompanied by the growth of military orders, which, in turn, created favorable conditions for the accelerated development of the industry. In addition, the United States played ... ...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... palace and drove out almost all the rebels. The battle for the city continued until March 4th when Russia took over the remainder of the city. What followed was a systematic expansion of control by Russia through vast areas of Chechnya (Menon). This forced the rebels into the mountains, and gave Russia a foot in the door to victory. With territory slipping, rebels ... ...

• Word Count: 2137
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , security, military, and diplomatic functions. Next, the relationship will surface when the juvenile state will be hit by an international crisis. Lastly, a level of distrust will be evident. Survival and expansion will be the keys to move forward. For the next part of the review, we will look at two examples of paternal alliances: China and Korea, and Russia and Syria ... ...

• Word Count: 636
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and the annexation of Crimea can be seen as the execution of Russia's equivalent of the Monroe Doctrine; the US has to view the geopolitical implications of such an eastward expansion from the Kremlin's perspective, and act upon it accordingly. Allowing Russia to maintain both Ukraine and Georgia as sovereign buffer states will address the security dilemma, and deescalate tensions in ... ...

• Word Count: 544
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... without a soft power. World War II was a prime example of hard power exertion. Hitler began to invade European nations in hopes of spreading the Nazism ideology. As he continued his expansion, he did not attempt to exert soft power upon these nations, thus he never gained the interest of the people within them. Hitler failed during WWII not solely because of ... ...

• Word Count: 2019
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of a long-term patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Containment provided a conceptual framework for a series of successful initiatives undertaken from 1947 to 1950 to blunt Soviet expansion. Given the innate hostility of the Soviet Union and settled upon a policy of "containing "Russian expansionism." The central theme in much of traditionalist historiography was an ideological one: the United ... ...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate