... be interpreted as a gesture of rejection, providing no narrative, theme, composition or picture space, apparently rejecting all pictorial conventions and offering a canvas of unprecedented blankness; on the other hand suspension across the corner of a room was a common way to display domestic icons, and by referring to this tradition its rejection of convention. Followed by the Black Circle in ... that transformed our experience of conventional, gravity-based space. Occasionally endowed with hidden titles reflecting an interest in science and mathematics, these works seem engineered rath...

• Word Count: 3313
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the waterways and made easily accessible for them to raid. "The pagan Vikings knew that churches held the greatest repositories of movable wealth in the form of gold and silver objects (chalices, plates, crosses)" (Many Europe's: Choice and Chance in Western Civilization). The Vikings may have actually helped the Europeans out by circulating the goods that they had stolen ... ...

• Word Count: 504
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... -pronged attack on Stalingrad. The battle was brutally bloody, and the German army who were used to the ease of the Blitzkrieg attack were forced to confront their enemies in hand-to-hand combat. Stalin realized that ferociously standing their ground was doing very little to help the USSR push Germany back or even resist them, so the "Scorched Earth" ... -pronged attack on Stalingrad. The battle was brutally bloody, and the German army who were used to the ease of the Blitzkrieg attack were forced to confront their enemies in hand-to-hand combat. Stalin realized that ferociously stand...

• Word Count: 1288
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the literature on the importance of energy security and its impact on EU-Turkey relations it is possible to find some literature that lay a hand on these matters such as Mankoff's work,2 essays produced at the Center for European Reform (CER) and green papers of the European Commission on ... a bridge or energy corridor to help reduce European dependence on single source started to raise their voices lauder than ever. Turkey on the other hand, started lobbying to make sure a major pipeline namely Nabucco crosses its territory that helps European security of energy supply as it would be m...

• Word Count: 6977
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... political and economic ties with Japan to induce Washington to be more politically cooperative, relax sanctions and encourage more American investment. On the other hand, "Japan is the principal economic and security challenge looming in China's future." Despite greater bilateralism between Japan and China based on the economic ... the US "has linked China and Japan in an informal security triangle, and the common hypotenuse between this great power triangle on the one hand, and the informal security triangle among South Korea, US and Japan on the other." Korea Another major strategic c...

• Word Count: 4761
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the government. The WWI All the above mentioned were indeed long-term causes, those that caused a buildup of pain all those years and released during the revolution. On the other hand, the First World War (WWI) was the short-term cause of the revolution as it sparked lots of emotions among the Russians. This war led to Tsar deciding to take ... that many wished to use. For instance, there were those who wished to seek the revolution in a peaceful manner that would lead to little or no bloodshed. On the other hand, Trotsky was indeed ready to go to extreme ends in order to reform Russia....

• Word Count: 3845
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... /protecting their ally, Serbia. So, I cannot place the blame squarely on the Tsar or Russia, despite their major role in the overall war. While Serbia was home to the Black Hand terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, there was never a precise official relationship established between that militant group and the Serbian government. Although Serbians feared for and hoped ... view may be nave, but it leads me to say that Serbia was the least responsible for the outbreak of World War I. Germany, and Kaiser Wilhelm II, on the other hand, seemingly suffered fr...

• Word Count: 1352
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the same time, some Proto-Georgians moved north to black Sea region and to the Valeey of Kura River, where they create their confideration called Armezi Mtskheta. On the other hand, today's Azerbaijan was populated with Asiatic Medes, Persians and Scythians. Moreover, the Eastern cost of Black Sea region was settled by Apsilae and the Abasgoi, the ancestors of Abkhazians ... . At that time, Armenian historians debated two important concepts, the dating origins of Armenians and whether Armenians migrated to the Armenian plateau or were originally lived there. On the other hand, Azerbaijani...

• Word Count: 2599
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... represents the general prevailing opinion in Germany, but it also foreshadows Germany's desire to pursue its goals at almost any cost "even war. France's nationalist interest, on the other hand, involved both reclaiming what were perceived to be expatriated French lands and embarrassing memories over earlier military defeats. Both of these factors directly involved Germany. After the humiliating defeat of ... status in the Balkans, and also to maintain the appearance of strength for their ally, Germany. Germany, whether intentionally or not, seemed to have the effect of forcing Austria-...

• Word Count: 5871
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the Cold War. In the known sources, again, there are a variety of approaches to the solution of the issue, often without any argument. For example, many still with a light hand of some Soviet politicians did, in our opinion hasty statements, consider that the USSR has reached parity with the US in the early 70s. Detailed analysis shows - that's not true ... Cold War. He watched her from the side. He was free from the ideals of the Cold War, but wanted a radical overhaul of almost all international relations. With his light hand inside the Soviet Union launched the process of self-des...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... alliances comes from the equilibrium of balance of power. In order to gain power, it is said that all states will be inherently driven to certain evils; on the other hand, focusing solely on power, limits the ability to understand the range of alliances. States are not just aligning themselves with hegemonic states, but also with other smaller states. We see ... lines which is important to alliance building. In international relations literature, symmetric and asymmetric alliances are widely discussed. Symmetric alliance involves both states receiving security or autonomy; on the other ...

• Word Count: 636
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ) Therefore, Roosevelt demonstrated deep interest to fill the power vacuum in Europe when the Nazi Germany would be defeated by spreading the doctrine of democracy (Todd, 2011). On the other hand, according to Todd (2011), although Soviet Union was in a state of severe hardship due to the war, the country's large number of troops could occupy the most of the Eastern ... 1945, Britain's foreign policies were not changed towards Soviet Union. For instance, the succeeding British premier Attlee was also deeply suspicious of Stalin (Phillips et al. 2001). On the other hand, the foreign polic...

• Word Count: 1594
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... this happen, can be answered by the fact that is was caused by two powers holding different ideologies clashing together within the nation of Ukraine. The West trying to offer a hand to Ukraine to join in a cooperative interstate coalition came as a threat to Russia's security. This leads to answer the second part of the question of what will come to be ... Russia will win. A liberalist approach to this crisis is slow acting, and it was clear it was not willing to use military action against Russia. It took Ukraine in one hand and international peace in the other, and decided Ukraine wa...

• Word Count: 3290
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The war on the Peninsular lasted until the sixth coalition, and those years of fighting put a heavy strain on France's armies. Battles were won by the French, on the other hand, their resources were the cause for concern. The Spanish armies were continuously beaten, however, they persisted to hound the French. The drained and unnerved French armies were eventually driven out ... . The war on the Peninsular lasted until the sixth coalition, and those years of fighting put a heavy strain on France's armies. Battles were won by the French, on the other hand, their resources were the cause ...

• Word Count: 1493
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... escort. These causes weren't sound enough for many Russians, who didn't know why Russia was engaging in an unnecessary War for power when there were so many greater problems at hand. This alone meant that the soldiers sent to Japan were largely conscripts, who were resentful at being forced to fight for a non-worthwhile cause. This also underpinned a lack of patriotism ... muses, 'I lunched with the others' which shows a rather blase side to him and a sense of ignorance to the severity of the problems around him. Not acting upon the problems at hand seemed to be a constant throughout th...

• Word Count: 1487
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... order to meet the state standards of production. What remained, if any, was then divided among them, according to the percentage the had earned by their work. On the other hand, on the state farms, peasants received wages directly from the state. Neither of the above systems was accepted by the people, a lot of them preferred to slaughter their animals and ... ". Bessarabia and Bucovina (both territories belonged in Rumania at that time) soon followed, making Hitler, his allie, nervous; though Germany's main oil supplies came from that country. On the other hand, Stalin was out to get as...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... members met with Putin Quaterly and will eventually become his action channel to the governor's. This superseded the voting public, by undermining there democratically elected candidates in favor people he hand choose to work with them and in some cases be above them in many ways. Putin's view on the subject of independent political parties are recognized existence, however it's much ... people within them. Putin is trying to avoid confrontation mainly from the legislative body, by just listenining to the faction leaders and the Internal affairs committee he either appointed of hand pic...

• Word Count: 1412
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... members met with Putin Quaterly and will eventually become his action channel to the governor's. This superseded the voting public, by undermining there democratically elected candidates in favor people he hand choose to work with them and in some cases be above them in many ways. Putin's view on the subject of independent political parties are recognized existence, however it's much ... people within them. Putin is trying to avoid confrontation mainly from the legislative body, by just listenining to the faction leaders and the Internal affairs committee he either appointed of hand pic...

• Word Count: 1412
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ease. Each person also has individual freedom with lack of government interference; also individuals have the freedom to choose what they want and when they want it. On the other hand, not everybody will have a job, and the government will not help him or her find one. But, if you do have a job, not everyone will be getting paid the same ... in the family. Most of the workers were required to use it as a second job to their existing state directed job. The goods produced by these private enterprises were mostly hand-made items. Most services included repair type services like home repai...

• Word Count: 6375
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on its ability to swiftly adapt to the changing external environment. In order to support these arguments, he compares and examines strengths and weaknesses of small countries. On the one hand, weaknesses of small countries such as Slovenia include: a weak position in international relations due to the lack of different kinds of power; lack of natural resources, labour and local factor ... conditions; an inability to realize economies of scale due to a small markets; limited financial funds and R&D capabilities, etc. On the other hand, strengths of small countries include: more easily a...

• Word Count: 3602
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of production, but also people's thoughts and actions. During the eighties, however, they faced challenges like never before. On the one hand they had to improve their information processing technology to keep up with the west. On the other hand, they realized that the information revolution would result in informed citizens who would demand significant improvement in their economic condition. Additionally, they ... ...

• Word Count: 321
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28th, 1914. Ferdinand's death was at the hands of the Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist society, and these series of events are what sparked the world's first global war. Arguing that the Serbian government was responsible for the actions of the Black ... Hand, the Austro-Hungarians took the opportunity to stamp its authority upon the Serbians, crushing the nationalist movement there and strengthening Austria-Hungary's influence in the Balkans. It did so by ... ...

• Word Count: 706
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... seas throughout most of the 19th century, Great Britain could afford to take it easy in the search for new colonies, while focussing on the unitement of the empire in hand and on constructing an "unofficial empire". But the challenge of new empire planners, backed up by increasing naval power, placed a new priority on Britain's wish to expand its colonial empire ... . On the other hand, the more that impending colonial space diminished, the greater the urge of lesser powers to solve inequalities in the size of empires by redivision of the colonial world, turned out ... ...

• Word Count: 1485
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... developing society but also more friendly towards democratic ideologies. It should however be noted that the general perception about the Russia Federation is still not quite positive. On the other hand, some journalists and critics, who have closely observed the events leading to the fall of Soviet Union and its later transition into Russian Federation, hold a more optimistic view about the ... efforts raise certain issues concerning the ethics and legitimacy of the issue. Local politicians were concerned about the sale of state-owned Russian enterprises to foreign investors. On the ot...

• Word Count: 1522
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... order to meet the state standards of production. What remained, if any, was then divided among them, according to the percentage the had earned by their work. On the other hand, on the state farms, peasants received wages directly from the state. Neither of the above systems was accepted by the people, a lot of them preferred to slaughter their animals and ... ". Bessarabia and Bucovina (both territories belonged in Rumania at that time) soon followed, making Hitler, his allie, nervous; though Germany's main oil supplies came from that country. On the other hand, Stalin was out to get as...

• Word Count: 7028
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate