... irony is that the Native Police were controlled and financed by the Chief Protector of the Aborigines - an indication of the level of "protection" offered by the respective States. The Native Police was a fixture of government policy and practice concerning the indigenous populace until it was wholly ... missions, to forced assimilation under the guise of "smoothing the dying pillow " for the doomed race. The ultimate message of the Aborigines Protection Act 1886 in Victoria was that "full-blood" Aborigines would die out and "half-castes" would eventually blend seamlessly into "civilized...

• Word Count: 2923
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , this sensitivity called for the Reef to be added to the World Heritage Area's list which ensures the protection of this natural phenomenon. Therefore, as a result of the natural and human-induced factors, the ideal environment for coral has been compromised and ... protection of the reef ecosystem is essential if the Great Barrier Reef is to survive. In accordance with human-induced pressures, natural ... nets, traditional hunting, floating rubbish, boat-strikes, habitat loss and the destruction of nests by feral pigs and foxes. Fortunately, the Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 l...

• Word Count: 1526
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... options that is playing an effective role in abuse. Abuse is defined in the dictionary as ill-treatment, insult, words abusing another person. Compared to the Child and Young Persons Act (1989) definition of child abuse which is delineated under the four categories, Physical, Sexual, Emotional abuse and Neglect, a strong similarity is present. Children who are victims of ... of reporting for child abuse in Victoria. The Law Reform Commission of Victoria were the main organisation involved in implementing mandatory reporting. They argued the benefits including the available protection to ...

• Word Count: 1043
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... government about breaches, or potential breaches, of privacy by government bodies. The Federal Privacy Committee was formed in 1988 under the Privacy Act. This act was created to fulfil Australia's obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966. The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) ... Legislation designed to hear full appeals against Commonwealth Government ministers, officers and authorities. The tribunal is able to hear matters provided under the Act and legislation that makes reference to the AAT's jurisdiction. For example: Freedom of Informati...

• Word Count: 2831
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... nuclear family ideal begin to fade, the law must alter to accommodate changing trends. The De Facto Relationships Act 1984 (NSW) paved the way for protection and recognition among many alternate family arrangements by recognising that a couple need not be married to be acknowledged by law. ... However, this act did not mean that all family arrangements were now equally treated by law, and some parties ... against is same sex couples, which were not recognised by the law until 1999 when the Labor Government introduced the Property (Relationships) Legislation Amendment Act 1999. This amen...

• Word Count: 1440
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Australian Capital Territory prior to 1992 were by no means satisfactory. These laws did not reflect the aims of a progressive community in terms of law enforcement, human rights and protection for those coerced into prostitution. The existing laws were harsh and not generally enforced reflecting outdated views and policies. One group particularly disadvantaged by the legislation were the sex workers ... considering the reform of prostitution law in the Australian Capital Territory, several crucial factors were taken into consideration. Firstly, there was a considerable demand for prosti...

• Word Count: 1179
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... pay damages to the victim. International rights are harder to implement. The main types of human rights identified in international law relate to human rights, these include freedom of thought, protection against slavery and freedom of torture. Child labour is where children are physically, economically and socially exploited and abused. Child labour is essentially an economic issue although it has many ... important means in protecting children and important in addressing bonded child labour, and tries to ensure that every child in the world has right to survival, development, protection...

• Word Count: 888
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was a sentiment of Australia being a "new country" post federation, in which the new Australian was settled. Molony describes this in the constitutional referrals of protection, arbitration and suffrage et al. Protection, as stated in "New Protection" gave Australia rites of free trade within its borders and tariffs on exported goods and imports. This enhanced Australia working as a singular organism without the aid ... of empire. Protection was an element of post federation settlement as it worked for Australia as a whole, not with isolated benefits for each state or "colony", it actua...

• Word Count: 854
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... impacts on the day-to-day operation of businesses have significantly increased. The primary federal legislation that needs to be closely reviewed is the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act of 1999. This law covers all relevant environmental protection on the federal level. However, state and territory laws also play into local jurisdictions. Many laws are brought into some degree of uniformity with ... ...

• Word Count: 6484
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... $5-9 billion boost to commonwealth revenue. Additionally, this was a key element of ongoing microeconomic reform and underpins reforms to public trading enterprises and infrastructure industries. The Trade Practices Act (1974) applies to all public and private enterprises and businesses (including professions such as law). It includes anti competitive behaviour, such as the deregulating of domestic aviation that ... to urban development. REGULATION AND DEREGULATION The regulation of economic activity and markets in Australia began in the early 1990s with the establishment of centralised...

• Word Count: 1779
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... any alien race after they have entered the Commonwealth; to localise them within defined areas, to restrict their migration, to confine them to certain occupations, or to give them special protection and secure their return after a certain period to the country whence they came'. The Federal Parliament could pass special and discriminating laws relating to the people of any race other ... Crown's acquisition of radical title, but native title was subject to extinguishment by a valid exercise of sovereign power inconsistent with the continued right to enjoy native title. Content, proof a...

• Word Count: 2257
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... religion resulted in their inability to practise their traditions and rituals on Ancestral Land. In the belief that the Aboriginal race would die out, the policy of Protection was enacted. A consequence of this protection policy was the conviction that half-caste children were best served by removing them from their families to live in White settlements. There they received basic food and ... that land and as such their ownership should be fully restored. Mabo was the first Aboriginal man to win a court case concerning land rights issues. In 1993, the Native Title Act was established th...

• Word Count: 1408
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the auspices of UNESCO a "world heritage" register had been created and Australia chose again to be one of those signatories. In 1975 the government introduced the World Heritage Properties Conservation Act to provide a legislative framework for the implementation of that treaty obligation. The Franklin River area of old-growth forest in Tasmania was a proposed site for a hydro-electric dam planned by ... Constitution, miscarriage of justice because of the lack of legal representation fro Dietrich set a precedent about the right to limited legal aid. Through the High Court, Australia no...

• Word Count: 1774
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... relationship between criminalisation of Indigenous Australians, police and the justice system, rates of incarceration, and how Indigenous Australians are still disadvantaged when it comes to the law. A crime is an act committed or omitted, in violation of a public law, either forbidding or commanding it; a breach or violation of some public right or duty due to a whole community, considered as a community (http ... au). This defines the invasion of the British on Indigenous Australian territory and how they used Australia's resources to strengthen and enrich themselves by claiming sovere...

• Word Count: 2489
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... indigenous claims to the Crown land to be made on the basis of traditional concepts of ownership. Also, the Aboriginal Communities Act (WA) 1979, allow aboriginal communities to make their own (customary law) by-laws. The Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Protection Act (Cth) is the corner stone of more than twenty Commonwealth, State and Territory enactments that protect Aboriginal heritage sites and ... ...

• Word Count: 1027
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fundamental human rights violation. The right to live. Following in this report will be the laws and regulations that have been applied to abolish this act in Australia and also some of the debates, history, effects, and opinions on this very sensitive subject. Australia, along with many countries worldwide ... , Queensland was the first state to abolish capital punishment in Australia, in 1922, followed by New South Wales in 1955, Tasmania in 1968, ACT in 1973, Northern Territory in 1973, Victoria in 1975, South Australia in 1976 and finally Western Australia in 1984. Now the worst punis...

• Word Count: 3217
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... kinship ties clearly; that is the blood relationships. There is a natural theory for the forming of a family, which is the desire for physical protection and cooperation, but we are going to look more deeply at family intimacy for reasons other than the biological ones. Today, family concept should be more ... and eventually become a consumption unit. Family contains several relationships all of which represent a unique way of living together, that is, a person has to act in different roles. Aiming to meet emotional and psychological needs through interaction with others, families provid...

• Word Count: 1120
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... it the region of Southeast Asia it gradually became outdated. After the East Timorese crisis in 1999 Australia shifted its aim to the expeditionary military force with the ability to act outside of its own territory, this approach is still valid in current doctrine. The national security of Australia nowadays must consider several aspects of the Southeast Asia region. According to ... neighboring countries can be also considered as an advantage. On the other hand it has a negative effect on international trade. The Sea Lines of Communication (SLoC) require bigger attention, the protecti...

• Word Count: 2241
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and resources to the United States of America. The scheme would give the British an opportunity of re-establishing the commercial leadership of Europe. They believed that if they could act quickly they had a good chance of getting general agreement. Of course there would be difficulties and disappointments on the agricultural side, but it was common knowledge that the Six would ... contemplate. By joining closely to Europe, it could in turn weaken political and economic links to the Commonwealth. Entering into the Common Market would seriously limit governments ability to give protectio...

• Word Count: 692
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate