... sulfur, natural gas, oil reserves, fish and coal. The city of Rome in Italy is the home of the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. Italy is the birthplace of the Mafia. It is a land of the ancient and the very modern, a fascinating dichotomy. The official ... language, Italian, is spoken by about 95% of the people. Italy is a Republic - a nation whose government is wholly elected. Like our state of California, Italy's climate and geography has something for everyone - mountains, seas, beaches, sun ... being Sicily, belonging to it. Vatican City, a State of it's own contained wi...

• Word Count: 3465
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... beneficial to perform the rituals in order to get the gods on your side. Because of these beliefs Roman society during the Republic was dominated by values of duty and honor, which applied to both the state and the family. Once the Republic was established, Rome successfully expanding its power and influence. Rome's expansion can be divided into 3 separate ... to strengthen security and to add a buffer zone around Roman territory. Lastly, Rome successfully took over all of the Hellenistic cities, which enormously expanded Roman territory. These three stages of expansion not only influe...

• Word Count: 481
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... idea of a Confederation, whilst Charles Albert wanted to expand his dynastic control over the new nation-state and Mazzini wanted a Republic. Although Mazzini did not achieve national unification under a Republic, he did manage to create a Republic in the Papal States known as the Roman Republic. Yet this was short-lived, as foreign troops -disgusted by Mazzini's treatment of the Pope and the reforms he issued ... - invaded the Roman Republic and restored the Pope as leader. However, in Germany the main problem was not expelling foreign troops, but of deciding what exactly constitutes t...

• Word Count: 3402
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... represented the embryonic Italian nationalism which growth ultimately led to full scale 'liberation' war against Austria in the northern Italian plain in 1848, as well as the proclamation of the Roman Republic in 1849. That Piedmont could easily incorporate Central Duchies in 1860; Papal Sates, Naples and Sicily in 1861 and finally Rome in 1870, Italian nationalism played the most important ... seen rendered abortive by the withdrawal of the Papal and Neapolitan troops. In the height of Italian national revolution Mazzini and Garibaldi in early 1849 proclaimed the establishment of the R...

• Word Count: 10644
• Approx Pages: 43
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... these groups formed the base of Mussolini's fascist movement. (The word fascism derives from the Latin fasces: an ax surrounded by a bundle of sticks that represented the authority of the Roman state. The Italian fascio means "group" or "band.") In 1919, Mussolini drafted the original platform of the Fascist party. It had several surprising elements, such ... building, paid vacations for workers, and social security. In 1929, he settled Italy's sixty-year-old con- flict with the Roman Catholic Church. He signed a treaty that granted independence to the papal residence in the Vatican Ci...

• Word Count: 5609
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... hope seemed lost, within a short period of time, the flower of unity, believed to be lost, burst into the open. The kingdom of a united Italy was born and a century later, a republic took its place. The name given to the process was the Risorgimento. Literally, "risorgimento" means resurrection, a time for renewal, a rebirth. The word is used as a synonym for Italian Renaissance, ... to the political ideas being expounded. Political activity was advanced and carried out by three groups. Firstly, the Giovene Italia [Young Italy] a group organized by Giuseppe Mazzini who advocated a repub...

• Word Count: 1280
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Greek Civilization Although both Roman and Greek civilizations shared similarities in the areas of art and literature, their differences were many and prominent. Their contrasting aspects rest mainly upon political ... those selected to rule were selected based not upon birth but instead upon wealth. Eventually, however, Greek government became democratic. Rome, on the other hand, was a republic that elected its officials, and common citizens were not allowed as many opportunities as Athenians to participate in matters of the state. While Greece had branches of government to ... placed...

• Word Count: 386
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , and artists of the Renaissance (Kekewich 3). Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) was labeled as the "founding father" of humanism" during the Italian Renaissance. His achievements in the retrieval of Greek and Roman traditions, including rhetoric, and his attempts to follow classical style lead to the movement itself (Humanism: Italy" 2). Petrarch opted out of studying law in order to devote his life to ... after the return of the Medici family in Florence in 1512 (Kekewich 223). It was during this expulsion that he wrote The Prince, which not only was based on previous Roman political exam...

• Word Count: 2321
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , a group of upper class families controlled the government, and often looked down upon the common residents of the town, considering them to be inferior. Despite the possible downfalls that the republic had on Venice, they had much power throughout Europe. "The philosopher-poet Francesco Petrarch (1304-74) called it mundus alter, another world." (Brown, 9) In Florence, which is considered to be ... that showed real emotions and had realistic settings. All Renaissance painters, because of his great talent, would take after Giotto's work. Brunelleschi was the first Renaissance architect t...

• Word Count: 1908
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... writer Francesco Petrarch, studied the works of the ancient Greeks and Romans for inspiration and ideology, mixing the philosophies of Plato and other ancient thinkers with the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. Under the influence of the humanists, literature and the arts climbed to new levels of importance. 2. Niccolo Machiavelli-republican idealist, or right wing fascist? In actuality, both, as ... well as neither. Machiavelli lived during the period of the French Invasions, a situation which obviously influenced his deep-rooted political beliefs. Though he favored a republic to...

• Word Count: 455
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate