... 16). Thomas Jefferson also grew the crop, and the Declaration of Independence was even written on hemp paper. This plant was also widely used to make sails and rigging for ships. However, during the 1930's, the plant's favor began to fall as petrochemical plants lobbied for the plant to become illegal in order to reduce competition (Conrow 8), and despite objections from ... legalized in some states for medicinal purposes. Many physicians have already recommended this drug to their patients and advised them to break the law if necessary. In a survey conducted by Dr. Mark A. R. Kleiman, ...

• Word Count: 3551
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , Washington planned a co-operative effort between his army and the French Fleet. The Comte d'Estaing, a French naval squadron of eleven ships carrying 4,000 troops, an extremely impressive number that the opposition could not rival ("First Fruits of Alliance"). The French navy ships that were sent to America also contained a myriad of artillery ("France in the 1778"). Washington wished the coming of this ... many other clandestine sources of aide proved to be very helpful and necessary for being victorious over the British. An important harbor to the Franco-American Alliance was the isl...

• Word Count: 1210
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to a select group due to pressures from England, most were allowed all different kinds of religious freedom. An example of this is the colony of Rhode Island, which was started by a man named Roger Williams in 1636. Williams welcomed everyone; he guaranteed religious freedom to all groups even the Catholics and the Jews ... . The policy of salutary neglect allowed Rhode Island to develop to become the most religiously tolerant of all the colonies. A second example is the colony of Pennsylvania, which was founded by an English man ... Laws. New Englanders exported timber, fish, cotton goo...

• Word Count: 845
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that symbolizes the early modernism of global capitalism in North America. It was one of the first merchant ships sent to purchase furs for Van Tweenhuysen Company of Amsterdam (Hallowell, 1974). This expedition later encouraged the development of Fort Nassau on "Castle Island", which became the focal point for the North American fur trade in the Northeast (Duncan Crary Communications ... , 2009). The discovery of this ship, at the base of the World trade Centre, literally exhibits how the modernism of capitalism has progressed from the early 1600's until today. Essentially, from fur tra...

• Word Count: 1870
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... do not truly understand the concept of Qi, there is evidence that acupuncture can influence the movement or release of many chemicals in the body. Research conducted by Dr. Bruce Pomeranz, a neurophysiologist at the University of Toronto, established that acupuncture releases naturally produced, morphine-like substances called endorphins (Crute). In addition to releasing endorphins, ... nurses, veterinarians, chiropractors. While critics contend that homeopathic remedies are no better than water at worst and placebos at best, a survey of studies published in the British Medical Journal a...

• Word Count: 1900
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the meaning of violence, crime, and murder. Picture a safe and secure environment, where everyone is accepted for whom they are inside and out. This description is similar to the fantasy island described by Sir Thomas Moore in his famous book Utopia. Moore created the book title from two Greek words meaning "not a place." The truth is that the real world is ... states also contain state statutes that approach the issue (Gondles "Hate Crime"). An important factor in defining hate crimes is to recognize the underlying messages of these crimes. According to Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologi...

• Word Count: 1075
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... fatal diseases. It became evident to the Native inhabitants that the Europeans came to America seeking habitable territory to colonize, not to explore. Calloway describes the arrival of the colonists" ships in Manhattan as the Indians saw it, thinking it was the "Supreme Being" coming to pay them a visit. " [The Indians] concluded it to be a large canoe or house, in which ... the great Mannitto himself was, and that he probably was coming to visit them. By this time the chiefs of the different tribes were assembled on York Island, and were counseling on the manner they should receive th...

• Word Count: 1610
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The treacherous nature of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor united all Americans against Japan and filled them with a fierce determination to avenge the heavy loss of American lives and ships. If the United States had not been drawn into World War II by Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines, it is very likely that Australia would have been ... , the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, and Port Moresby on the southern coast of the Australian Territory of Papua. The first Japanese targets would be Port Moresby and the island of Tulagi in the British Solomon Islands. A...

• Word Count: 1961
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... teen use of alcohol that it should be banned or regulated? "Undoubtedly, alcohol is the principle drug abuse problem in America today" (National Journal, 1998). According to General Barry McCaffery, former President Clinton's drug czar, the most dominant drug causing violence among American people starts with ... public know about the terrible effects of drugs, such as "ecstasy" or heroine, but why not alcohol and underage drinking? The National Journal (1998) stated that the battle against underage drinking has been treated as the ugly stepsister to the easily embraced fight against th...

• Word Count: 1260
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... vaccines in the 1950s. So we ask ourselves again, how do we weight the costs and benefits between saving lives by eliminating others? Professor Albert Sabin's 1956 paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association stated "Approximately 9,000 monkeys, 150 chimpanzees and 133 human volunteers have been used thus far in the quantitative studies of various characteristics of different strains ... treatment. In essence, researchers waste hundreds of animal lives to find that the results will harm or even kill humans. Those costs outweigh the benefits by far. As stated by Dr. Vernon Co...

• Word Count: 981
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... highest in children who watched four or more hours of television per day these children also tended to consume more calories per day."(42) Most recently discussed on the popular Dr. Phil Show, people tend to associate eating with certain activities such as watching the television, working on the computer, studying, etc., all sedentary activities. The challenge for recreational facilities is ... to tailor-make exercise prescriptions for an individuals needs and goals. For this reason, facilities often have multiple trainers (even a doctor) on staff. In "Letters to the Editors" in the Jou...

• Word Count: 2394
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... should remain independent of Europe, and so he issued a proclamation of American neutrality. However, neither the French nor the British respected the American neutrality, and both started to seize American ships trading with the other side, and in addition, the British impressed American sailors into their navy services. Washington continued to support a friendly policy with the British, since he didn't think ... America could challenge Britain militarily. And later due Jay's Treaty, which was favorable to the British, the French set their navy to raiding American ships. This led to th...

• Word Count: 923
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... many joined the American mercantilist fleet to escape. Britain thought that it would only be just if they stopped and boarded American ships so it could re-impress its sailors, but they often were indiscriminate about who they took: Natural-born Americans, British, and the ... ships" cargoes alike. A particularly moving event occurred when the USS Chesapeake refused to be boarded by the British Leopard. The Leopard opened ... at this violation of their neutral rights and demanded that something be done about Britain's horrendous actions. In 1807 the Embargo Act was passed and American ...

• Word Count: 1197
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... same time make the Americans colonists happy. However, the Americans saw right through this and wouldn't let the Dockers unload the cargo out of the ships. On December 16th, the same year, some townsmen radicals boarded the ships and threw hundreds of boxes of tea to sea. This event would be known as the Boston Tea Party. Obviously, Parliament was not happy ... North America". These acts were defended by Prime Minister Lord North on April 22nd 1774,"The Americans have tarred and feathered your subjects, plundered your merchants, burnt your ships, denied all obedience to your laws and au...

• Word Count: 1859
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... do not wish to associate violence with their products. Therefore, commercials have little to effect on the increasing aggressive tendencies of America's youth. The third article I studied was from the journal, Aggression and Violent Behavior 4, entitled "Film Violence and Young Offenders" by Amanda Pennell and Kevin Browne. In this article, Pennell and Browne found that screen violence can affect consumer ... The fourth article I used was entitled "Cutting Film Violence: Effects on Perceptions, Enjoyment, and Arousal" by Mike Berry, Tim Gray, and Ed Donnerstein. This article was taken f...

• Word Count: 2027
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the Federation of American Sciences, the Australian Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, the American Public Health Association, the British Medical Association, and the New England Journal of Medicine have produced studies showing that marijuana use is not only harmless, but that it is also therapeutic in the treatment of many serious ailments. Moreover, marijuana ... conference. That response was that serious penalties may befall physicians who discuss marijuana with their patients, including limited Medicare and Medicaid eligibility and even criminal prosecution (New ...

• Word Count: 1707
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of generating and maintaining the blockade was given to the Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Welles. At this time, Gideon Welles began to increase his fleet from 82 largely outdated ships to 264 ships by December. By the end of the war, Gideon fleet grew to a force of over 600 ... ...

• Word Count: 468
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... love with New York's original landscape (Eric Sanderson, National Geographic 2009)." "For almost a decade he has led a project at WCS to envision as precisely as possible what the island of Manhattan might have looked like before the city took root. The Mannahatta Project, as it's called (after the Lenape people's name for ... "), is an effort to turn back the clock to the afternoon of September 12, 1609, just before Henry Hudson and his crew sailed into New York Harbor and spotted the island. (Peter Miller, National Geographic 2009)" What Sanderson did was take one particular map from h...

• Word Count: 3406
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... sources. In one article I found, documents from the Center for Disease Control were released containing cover-ups that hid the real health risks of vaccinations. This article was written by Dr. Gary Null, who is an American radio talk show host as well as an author who speaks for alternative medicine and naturopathy. He is an anti-vaccinationist which means that ... Epidemiologist, which is a person who studies patterns, causes, and effects of diseases in specific populations, from the Center for Disease Control, Dr. William Thompson. In his article, Null stated, "During an interview on...

• Word Count: 2703
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 's prices were so low that the American traders could not compete. This Tea Act led to boycotts of tea as well as refusing to unload the tea from the British ships in the American ports. With the passing of the Tea Act, a controversial revolt known as the Boston Tea Party broke out due to the furious colonists. About 50 colonists belonging ... to express to the world that the American colonists identified themselves as Americans and no longer consider themselves as British subjects. So on the night of December 16 1773, three ships arrived in Boston Harbor smashing open 340 chests of Brit...

• Word Count: 2404
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and made it easy for immigrants to get from Europe to America and led on Mass immigration. The technological advances also allowed America increase its development in steel ploughs, refrigirated ships and and railways and this resulted in the expansion meat production as it allowed then to deliver meat all around america which previously was limited to only local areas and ... of them worked in poor conditions. Little to no safety regualtions also meant these immigrants were cheaper to employ. This also allowed buisnesses to accomodate for these immigrants by building ships to take them...

• Word Count: 639
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... make soup (TFI). Between 1845 and 1850, over 1 million Irish starved to death, 500,000 were evicted and 500,000 emigrated to America, Britain, or Australia on rotting, overcrowded "Coffin Ships" (VOG). A passage to America on a Coffin Ship was approximately $10, but there was no guarantee that you would actually arrive there, considering how many died on those ... ships (LFI). A Coffin Ship was the most popular method of emigration, however it was not equally effective. The passengers were cramped, had minimal food and were given a tight living quarters meaning ... ...

• Word Count: 1234
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... African culture survived more strongly in the Caribbean colonies than in North America? In 1562 John Hawkins, the first English slave-trader arrived in Africa with a fleet of three ships. Into these ships he put the three hundred black Africans he had abducted from Sierra Leone. Who were these people? What were their cultural beliefs? How did they live and what did ... ...

• Word Count: 2095
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , who were experimenting with sound and distance. While the penny press was expanding it's boundaries in Canada the telegraph and telephone was starting to capture a hold of the American population. Ships at sea and the military used the radio as a great escape to there long days of silence. They would also use the radio to communicate with ... ships and overseas soldiers, to intercept enemy messages during the First World War. The radio stations suspended their shows and activities during World War One, as the radio industry was taken ... ...

• Word Count: 972
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... story about the first instance of breaking and rapping over a beat inside a garage house party in the Bronx. But long before then African traditions established the use of spoken word. Dr. Imani Perry asserts that the spoken word of African-American music has its origins in Africa and survived the middle passage to the Western Hemisphere (Perry, 2004). She goes on ... power movement talk and its impact on the development of hip hop, located it as a musical form, at best revolutionary and at least rebellious, for young listeners across the globe. Dr. Perry argues four distinctions of hip...

• Word Count: 1971
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate