... per 100,000 Hispanic males, and 487 white male inmates per 100,000 white males (BJS, 2007). Today, black defendants serve as much time in federal prison for drug offenses as white defendants serve for violent offenses-a result largely attributed to biases in federal statutory penalties for offenses involving crack versus powder cocaine (Mauer and King, 2007a). ... adopting sentencing guidelines to limit judicial discretion, numerous states and the federal government adopted mandatory minimum sentencing laws that prescribe a mandatory penalty for particular types of crimes, mainly drug of...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... probationary terms will be discussed. Moreover, the question of why legislatures have progressively chosen mandatory minimum jail and prison sentences for crimes, contiguous with mandatory lengths and forms of supervision post-incarceration release will be examined. This author will examine whether mandatory sentencing from a criminal justice standpoint, reduce recidivism, and work for the capricious degrees of crimes. Determinate sentencing is defined ... earned time. Normally there are specific standards stipulating the extent of punishment and release date before the parole board wil...

• Word Count: 791
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... particular, the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and for Rwanda (ICTR)-established by the Security Council as Chapter VII enforcement measures-served as laboratories within which abstract, post-Nuremberg conceptions of justice took shape and became reality. The indictment of sitting heads of state, such as Slobodan Milosevic, became a defining moment for the rule of law in its ... of jurisdictions in an emerging system of international criminal justice. The Court was embraced by an international community that had increasingly internalized the importance...

• Word Count: 1487
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... be regarded both as positive or negative but one fact is obvious: the interaction between these agencies is really vital in the fight against such serious problems as smuggling, illegal drug and weapons traffic, underground markets, money laundering and many others. We have thoroughly studied the causes that have become a stumbling block in the interaction of law enforcement and customs authorities ... ...

• Word Count: 1015
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... would be far better off if marijuana was to be decriminalized for a long period of time. First of all, marijuana should be legally recognized because it is an essentially harmless drug with barely any serious long-term effects to the mind or the body. The only clear long-term effect of smoking excess marijuana is the increase in the possibility of ... ...

• Word Count: 357
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Graduate