... this new phenomena, a vast number of new research is conducted on these countries to determine what the reasons are for different outcomes of democratization. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the democratic performance of three countries- Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland- of the post-communist region of Central Eastern Europe, to lay the ground for further research into ... placed on the comparative democratization scale based on the evidence provided later on and its accordance with the definitions established in this paragraph. This section provides a short overview...

• Word Count: 2022
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... has been observed a fair progress in the development of paramount state institutions as well as in the voting system, which has been continuously developing and improving in accordance with legislation and international experience. And such a development is in the first place of importance for the whole population of Kazakhstan nowadays, which has been also recalled in the Constitution ... is also related with definite problems from the side of state and political elites themselves, who are interested in maintenance of an existing status-quo. That's why Kazakhstan is slowly moving in thi...

• Word Count: 1572
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... specific countries. In this sense, Australia's active multicultural policies are clearly beneficial to such a cause. Clearly, its foregoing alternatives- the White Australia Policy, assimilation, and integration were discriminatory and damaged Australia's democratic relationships with many countries, especially those of neighbouring Asia. However, although negative to international democracy, when taken in context, such policies were drawn ... is only expected that migrants would seek membership to racially exclusive groups. Of course, such segregation causes a significant discomfort be...

• Word Count: 2017
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... to have liberal democratic tendencies when it comes to their political stance and rhetoric. Having now fully obtained both a historic preamble and an explanation about present day politics in Cambodia, it is important to shift emphasis towards the reasons as to why Cambodia still struggles to successfully implement democracy and establish itself as a politically stable nation within the region. Corruption ... Neither of these already existing institutions has ever successfully conducted an investigation that led to the prosecution of a government official charged with corruption. This ...

• Word Count: 3095
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... ." In addition to voter apathy as one of the main problems of internet voting, Harrop touches upon the potential problems of internet voting such as coercion, identity theft, fraud and that voting should be a communal activity. Moreover, he states that although internet voting may increase voter quantity, voter quality may suffer as the voter may not be an informed ... "Internet Voting can Reform Democracy" arguments are made in support of internet voting primarily focusing on increasing voter convenience which in turn, it is argued, will increase voter quantity and therefore election re...

• Word Count: 806
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... each only receive as much power as their populations indicate (the democratic principle taking precedent over the federalist principle), the state government are empowered by the Electoral College, and the political beliefs of citizens of Illinois are undermined in the name of states' rights (the federalist principle taking precedent over the democratic principle). This dichotomy between the ... population in a state and representation in the Electoral College not only proves ineffective in supporting democracy in America, but assumes that the division of government by the federalist p...

• Word Count: 1088
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... stage during that period. When the 25th of January uprisings erupted, the army basically did not show any signs of support to the Mubarak regime. And whether it was out of seeking personal interest or loyalty or dedication to the people, the army instead, chose a neutral position in support of ... country entered a transitional period where the supreme council of armed forces was to rule until the time that a democratic presidential election would be held, and it was this period that caused the first wave of change in the army's position. The army's image in front of the Egyptian people...

• Word Count: 1377
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... reports, such as, when outspoken academic Cherian George, who has called for more press freedom, was denied tenure at Nanyang Technological University, and when letters of demand were sent by the government to bloggers and online media commentators to apologize and remove remarks that allegedly defamed government officials or the courts (Shah, 2013). The foreign media played up the fact that Singapore fell ... in terms of press freedom in an annual report by non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders. Therefore, the government should stick to its distinct role as provider o...

• Word Count: 817
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... to understand why the relationship between the two has caused such a contentious debate a deeper look into the term liberal democracy must occur. The concept of liberal democracy encompasses liberal and democratic values like limited government, individual rights, the rule of law, political equality, as well as the democratic process as a whole. Although a capitalist economy supports most of ... first to be contradicted by capitalism. At the conclusion of this paper it will be clear, however, that a capitalist economy supports liberal democracy. Critics of the relationship between capit...

• Word Count: 1285
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the interest groups giving the most money, not what is best for the entire population. "Campaign contributions profoundly influence the legislative decisions of members of Congress, and thus contribute to the overrepresentation of special interests in Congress at the expense of the interests of unorganized citizens" (Smith 91). Contributors like Political Action Committees give ... being made to satisfy a small percentage rather than the majority, democracy is being threatened. The so-called "iron triangle" relationship between interest groups, government agencies, and congressional comm...

• Word Count: 1921
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... may be in two forms; direct or Ancient Athenian democracy which is typical of ancient Greece specifically Athens where the citizens, that is the entire populace excluding women and children, slaves and metics or foreigners, were allowed to participate directly in the affairs of government; or indirect democracy also known as Republicanism which has a historical root in the Roman ... democratizing since like a towering lighthouse guiding emerging States; development, just as Sachs 1992 postulates, seemed to be pointing to the direction of democracy. For this reason some Authoritarian an...

• Word Count: 2047
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a closed political structure is very much in accord with Lenin's vision of the communist part-state. (O'Neil (2010) page 297) According to Dahl, the definition of public contestation and participation includes classic freedoms like opportunities to oppose the government, form political organizations, vote by secret ballot in elections etc.(Dahl (1971) page 20) He also states that as a ... system becomes more competitive or more inclusive, politicians seek the support of groups that can now participate more easily in political life. The parties also change in structure and organization. (...

• Word Count: 2103
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... this democratic government was destined to fail from the onset for several reasons. The Dolchstosselegende, failure to bring about fundamental socio-economic-judicial change, Ebert Groener Pact, right wing violence, the split of the left wing, and Article 48 of the Weimar constitution. All displayed how the Weimar ... undermined at the start because of the stab in the back legend. The Dolchstosselegende was a key reason for the doubtfulness in democracy and thus the failure of the Weimar Republic. Another key reason for the eventual downfall of the democratic republic was its failure to ...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... in politically correct terms - because certain expressions can create a hostile environment for minority groups. Political correctness requires from society equal public respect for all ethnicities, sexual orientations, lifestyles and religions; meanwhile, it strips society of its fundamental right to make conscious decisions based on individuals" own free choice (5). The purpose of this concept is to include all ... 2002; it would make the Internet "free" for such countries as China, Syria and Saudi Arabia, whose authoritative governments control access to information. The United State...

• Word Count: 1308
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... power unjustly. In response, the Federalists argued quite the contrary and advocated that a strong national government was the absolute best way to protect the people and their natural rights by preventing oppression of the weak by the strong. In addition to preventing one group from oppressing another, many other reasons existed for a strong national government including the fact that a ... strong national government would stand against foreign enemies, which a weak national government would not effectively accomplish. A strong national government was also necessary in order to facilit...

• Word Count: 1689
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the lower house may have had was the Privy Council, a highly powerful advisory board to the emperor. It too was staffed by wealthy conservatives, such as Ito Hirobumi and Yamagata Aritomo, and was mostly opposed to any legislation that tried to extend democratic rights too far3. As well as these official barriers to the role of the Diet's lower house, there ... . The odds stacked against these more radical movements for democracy, however, were immense. There was no legal status for organised labour, which meant that unions were unprotected from governmental and capitalist repression, a...

• Word Count: 2458
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... use of the concepts in this particular context. The concept of 'democracy' as used by Tocqueville in "Democracy in America", according to Stephen Holmes, is regarded bilaterally, and alternates from being a "social arrangement" – based on "social leveling", "the collapse of legally maintained class hierarchies" – to being a "political ... democratic self-rule", which basically means that when the distinction between classes vanishes, false reasons of submission do too, and the resulting lucidity of those who once obeyed "the high and mighty" empowers them to contest the authori...

• Word Count: 2076
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... from the tensions it generated within white society. Mortgaged farmers and an emerging proletariat in the Northeast, nonslaveholders in the South, tenants and would-be yeomen in the West "all had reasons to think that the spread of commerce and capitalism would bring not boundless opportunities but new forms of dependence. And in all sections of the country, some of the rising ... entrepreneurs of the market revolution suspected that older elites would block their way and shape economic development to suit themselves. By the 1820s ... political culture predicated on white male equality, ...

• Word Count: 2407
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... wealth. This mismanagement of the country's wealth resulted in the decline of its political institutions, in economic inflation and in popular discontent. In addition, other reasons for the Venezuelan political problems are compounded by the elements that were critical to the origins and long term stability of the political system, namely, strong parties, low social conflicts in a "managed" civil ... society, and a dominant State economically sustained only by its oil revenues. Additionally, the party systems' crisis and decay were worsened by rigidities ... the Congress, interest group...

• Word Count: 2250
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a developing nation, which has made the former its own over the 68 years of operation. In 1947, universal suffrage became a vehicle for empowerment in an Indian society still traditional and feudal in nature. Traditional hierarchies of caste existed, with low rates of popular participation through secular interest groups based on class differentiation. High rates of illiteracy persisted ... played in Indian democracy. These groups translated an external political system into the language of the masses. This brought democracy closer to the people in the absence of civil society and indep...

• Word Count: 797
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Pendelton Herring, states that "federal administrative services do not constitute an overpowering monolithic entity but rather an uneven array of agencies, each with its own constituency of supporters and often facing its specialized critics" (Herring). The largest source of multiplication of public coercion groups comes from the pluralistic disposition of the executive branch. Every organization stands ... for an independent component, and has administrative plans that diverge from different portions of the bureaucracy. The plans of the organizational agencies usually coincide within ...

• Word Count: 1119
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , the power struggles between the political parties do not negate the fact that each still holds to ensure the values of the Constitution. Not only is it the uncertain economy and the threat of terror overseas, it is the lack of personal issues being addressed that make the American people leery of the government. Aside from these very important issues within ... find that while the concept of a healthy democracy is upheld, it is the politics of our nation that separates the public from the system. While the Democratic and Republican parties battle over liberal and conservative ideals, o...

• Word Count: 653
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... more legitimacy' with 'better government'. It will also demonstrate that legitimacy is ultimately derived from the consent of the governed and therefore that both democratic and non-democratic regimes can be legitimate. At first sight it would appear to us that the regime under which we live is ... what it is that confers legitimacy on regimes normatively. Lipset's belief that legitimacy "involves the capacity of the system to engender and maintain the belief that the existing political institutions are the most appropriate ones for the society"1 may appear inadequate for the reason ...

• Word Count: 2466
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Similarly, American Anarcho-communist author Eddie Conlon stresses the potential of decentralized universal healthcare as shown in revolutionary Spain based upon mutual concern without the hand of privatization and organized based through a system of communal federations from the bottom up. Extending upon anarchical structures into existing forms, Australian political scientist Morgan Rodgers Gibson points out that ... workplace as a whole, Conlon writes that health-workers in a libertarian structure that invested in healthcare organize their own workplaces which communally federate to "...

• Word Count: 1276
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... way of life, a bold move considering most Italians considered themselves Italian as opposed to American or Soviet. The situation in Czechoslovakia during February of 1948 would hinder the communists and strengthen the American's push for democracy as the communist government in "Czechoslovakia had dissolved a group of non-communist cabinet members-(Hogan). The problem occurred when the coalition cabinet ... carry the message of voting against communism. The message the United States routinely tried to implore was that the elections of 1948 was a choice between "democracy and communism, Go...

• Word Count: 2795
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Graduate