... sentencing" models, were introduced between the late 1970s and early 1990s to neutralize the perceived effect of defendant characteristics on sentence outcomes, which were most often attributed to the enormous discretion accorded judges under indeterminate sentencing schemes (Tonry, 1995). In reaction to perceived inequalities in the federal and state sentencing systems, social and legal ... Act created the United States Sentencing Commission, abolished federal parole, and narrowed judicial discretion at sentencing through the use of standardized sentencing ranges. In addition to adoptin...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... . Abstract This paper explores three published articles in which they talk about the origins of archeology focusing on individuals and institutions considering the histories of ideas, leading them to neglecting significant events. Fagan describes the origins of archeology in a more detailed manner and situates individuals within larger context. The other article by Tucker, Shenk, Lernetti et ... . Basically it is the analysis of decomposed, or otherwise human remains that is important in both legal and humanitarian contexts. Forensic Anthropology uses scientific techniques used in physica...

• Word Count: 708
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... do you see as your potential role and contribution? Warren Township High School, at no more than 10% students, boasts a number that is extremely low to those of similar schools. What number of students is necessary to ensure that students of color do not feel socially isolated, and provides the school the enriched community we seek? The most frequent lament expressed among ... fully in the world-both the world of their student days and the one they will inhabit as adults. We are convinced that only a community, which reflects to a meaningful degree the diversity of our society, can prep...

• Word Count: 607
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... understanding of ways to transform consciousness that are linked to efforts to transform structures While it is important that individuals work to transform their consciousness, striving to be antiracist, it is important for us to remember that the struggle to end white supremacy is a struggle to change a system, a structure For our efforts to be truly effective, individual struggle to change consciousness must be fundamentally linked to collective effort to transform those structures ... build coalitions and create change, one must confront their own personal pains - this begins the he...

• Word Count: 608
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Kenneth B. Clark, in his book Dark Ghetto, comments on the negative effects seductive cultural deprivation theories exert on institutions. Of the American educational institution he writes: "To what extent are the contemporary social deprivation theories merely substitution notions of environmental immutability fatalism for earlier notions of biologically determined educational unmodifiability."(p 17) Although the author shares Mr ... . Clark's position and is aware of the dangers presented by institutionalized cultural racism, he does not believe it to be an insurmountable obstacle to m...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate