... into account the recent reports of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan, we can draw such a conclusion that the youth's participation in elections is rather low. As for instance, in 2007, only 7.5% of candidates in local Maslikhats were young people under 30 years old, and only 1.5% of the elected deputies belonged to this age group. This rate is very low, considering the fact that young ... people in the age range of 16-29 constitute more than one-third of all the adult Kazakhstan population. The number of women accounts to only 17.3% of the ... regional Masli...

• Word Count: 1572
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... seemingly commonplace allegations of corruption, bribery, and graft.8 Popular opinion of the democratic organ appeared low; it was held that politicians used power for their own gains, standing against the people rather than the old absolutist bastions of court and corporation9. Criticism of the lower house often stemmed from the fact that it was quick to cooperate with and bend ... effective political action. Kato Suichi attributes liberal weakness to the strength of conservative traditionalism, saying that 'the liberals were operating under such oppressive conditions that the fundame...

• Word Count: 2458
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... stable equation of liberty and equality that transcends the social towards the political into democracy - etymologically translated to 'the rule of the people' – and materializes into a system where "it is the majority that governs in the name of the people"4. However, since he, like many other political philosophers, believed that no political or legal system lacks a component ... reaction to the lack of a centralized political life is contrary to the French state's desire to provide guidance, and Americans "organize themselves to provide what they need for themselves"15 because...

• Word Count: 2076
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... be expanded into the anarchist form of universal healthcare. Eddie Conlon states that under anarchism, healthcare is to be "self-managed" and run "according to the needs of the commune", in order to respect the autonomy and needs of the people's welfare rather than being run for the sole purpose of profit. Following the same sort of decentralization, Morgan ... rather than a mechanized imposed one. Although these sources speak of entirely different aspects of society, they unite under the critical ideal of collectivist (ownership and control of the means of production and distribution by ...

• Word Count: 1276
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... of Italy into having only one choice? This paper will examine how much influence the United States government, and the Truman Administration in particular, had in the overall outcome of the 1948 elections. The people of Italy voted for democratic ideals in these "free- elections, but did they have a choice, or did United States intervention alter the outcome of this election so ... Party (PCI) and the Socialist Party (PSI) had together garnered more seats in the Constituent Assembly than did the Christian Democrats, causing the United States to take notice. Unfortunately for the opposit...

• Word Count: 2795
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Graduate

... view of government because the multi-party system creates distributed declarations and power throughout special interest groups, but the pluralist theory does not accommodate "We the People" in terms of all the people in the United States having equal influence because minority groups are constantly fighting against the will of the majority. Within every branch of the government coercion groups ... and factions representing minority interests compete for power amongst themselves to shape the course of public policy, and gain control over policy decisions. The Role of Interest Groups in...

• Word Count: 1119
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... their level success of citizenry inclusion and governmental accountability. Turning our focus to the Czech Republic, a lot of evidence is pointing towards a trend of weakened governmental accountability in the last years as some major corruption scandals took place in 2013. Nevertheless, corruption and the lack of political agencies' autonomy has been a hereditary problem from the earlier communist regime. A case that shows corruption embodied ... were not implemented due to the resignation of the Nečas government. The (Transparency International, 2014) survey stating that sixty percen...

• Word Count: 2022
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... ideology. Out of that self-definition came a fundamental shift in the terms of national political debate. The Jacksonians' basic policy thrust, both in Washington and in the states, was to rid government of class biases and ... taking, the Jacksonians propounded a social vision in which any white man would have the chance to secure his economic independence, would be free to live as he saw fit, under a system of laws and representative government ... white egalitarianism. Opposing antislavery was one thing; silencing the heretics with gag rules amounted to tampering with white people'...

• Word Count: 2407
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the Great Depression. Over the course of eighty years this resulted in a dramatic increase in both the number of interest groups wanting to play a role in the American political process and in their ability to influence government decisions. When introduced, interest groups were intended to provide equal opportunity for all groups and gave poor people a chance to be politically active. However, ... with regards to access to interest groups. Additionally, the education level and social status of interest group members and lobbyists give them an immediate advantage in influencing Congress. ...

• Word Count: 1921
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the failure of the Weimar Republic. Another key reason for the eventual downfall of the democratic republic was its failure to bring about fundamental socio-economic-judicial change. The political structure of Germany changed from an autocratic, authoritarian system to a democratic one. However, there was still people in positions of power in which were fundamentally opposed to democracy called conservative elites. ... vote, the constitution allowed the president to have the right to close parliament and issues decrees at any moment under Article 48. A most undemocratic element, which, if...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... democracies, often skewing the literal meaning behind the word, "rule by the many," by the people. In the United States of America, we define democracy as a government in which the people hold the supreme power through elections, the right to speak out, demonstrate, petition, or run for public office. We are free to make our own decisions, both political and religious, however, ... many feel that our democracy is under attack by the nations battling political parties. Politics and politicians in America are the backbone of democracy ... must include the following ideas: recognition of t...

• Word Count: 653
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... is not the country's fault, but the people who were in control of its wealth. This mismanagement of the country's wealth resulted in the decline of its political institutions, in economic inflation and in popular discontent. In addition, other reasons for the Venezuelan political problems are compounded by ... as a case where the transition has remained stagnated. Therefore, a new order of politicians is struggling to be born because the old older remained very strong and is unwilling to die. New leaders, such as Hugo Chavez (current president) have been able to ... the 1980's that the ...

• Word Count: 2250
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... from a western democratic political system based on universal adult suffrage being formally established in a developing nation, which has made the former its own over the 68 years of operation. In 1947, universal suffrage became a vehicle for empowerment in an Indian society still traditional and feudal in nature. Traditional hierarchies of caste existed, with low rates of popular participation through secular ... democratic republic. Second, Rudolph and Rudolph have analysed the role that traditional caste and community grouping played in Indian democracy. These groups translated an ex...

• Word Count: 797
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... online banking. As the internet becomes an increasingly integral component to everyday life, the question of implementing online voting has been widely discussed and debated as demonstrated in articles "Why Internet voting is bad for democracy" by Froma Harrop and "Internet Voting can Reform Democracy" by Nobuo Ikeda. These articles represent different views about the relationship between internet voting and democracy ... that voting is already quite simple and it does not need to be made easier through internet voting, but he believes that "internet voting is the worst possible choice fo...

• Word Count: 806
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... size city-state which provided its citizens with a sense of active engagement in public affairs. Ancient Greece recognized three types of people, citizens with women excluded to a large extent, metics or resident aliens and slaves. Athenian democracy was limited to only male citizens of at least twenty years, for this reason the central event of the ancient Athenian democracy where the recognised Athenian citizens ... a transitioning democracy, Ghana seem to have adapted and not just adopted the Athenian way of citizen participation to her time and milieu by expanding participation to i...

• Word Count: 2047
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... political and social turmoil. Almost nothing has remained constant in Egypt for the past three years; positions have changed, alliances have changed, and the Egyptian people's overall view of things has changed, not necessarily to the better. Nevertheless, the question of whether the army is fit to rule Egypt under a democratic state remains the issue three years after what has been described as the biggest revolution ... the true meaning of democracy, but also they are uninterested in it. The army, like all regimes since the 25th of January, is trying to reaffirm the totalitarian state...

• Word Count: 1377
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... is like today. During the late 19th century, the Cambodian king at the time turned to the French for assistance, as Cambodia had been suffering from constant threat of invasion from both the Vietnamese and the Thai people. As a result, Cambodia was established under the French protectorate and became part of the so-called French Indochina region. This period, though it brought ... is made up of 123 seats, comprise the legislative branch. Although, Cambodia is known as a multi-party representative democracy, the Cambodian People's Party (CCP) led by Prime Minister Hun Sen has held the upp...

• Word Count: 3095
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... and therefore that both democratic and non-democratic regimes can be legitimate. At first sight it would appear to us that the regime under which we live is a legitimate one. Citizens can choose between different baskets of policies every five years and maintain long-term control of their governance. Yet a key question to ask when discussing the title of this essay is ... citizens. The ability to persuade and coerce a population that the current system of government is most appropriate is simply manipulation of the people and we must bear in mind that whatever regime we live under, this...

• Word Count: 2466
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the help of which countries can be termed as either inclusive or closed hegemonies, or competitive oligarchies or polyarchies. On this figure, Nigeria falls in between competitive oligarchies and polyarchies and China falls under competitive oligarchy. In this essay, I would like to compare these two countries on the basis of Dahl's concept of participation and contestation with reference to two ... three decades of economic reform and global trends of democratization, the political regime of China remains stubbornly authoritarian. China's historical legacy of over 2,000 years of central...

• Word Count: 2103
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... argued quite the contrary and advocated that a strong national government was the absolute best way to protect the people and their natural rights by preventing oppression of the weak by the strong. In addition to preventing one group from oppressing another, many other reasons existed for a strong national government including the fact that a strong national government would stand against foreign enemies, which ... therefore it was obvious that power needed to be in the national government in order to prevent and handle such situations. Even so, the Federalists did acknowledge that in a...

• Word Count: 1689
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Graduate

... or even their representatives, who could simply go unelected once their terms end and the dissatisfied people are ready for change. The problem that this presents, however, prevents individual citizens' voices, or the voices of the general public, the democratic principle supports, from the vote in policy and governmental decisions that it is entitled to by the federalism principle. A paradoxical ... results, but only when implemented correctly. An accurate reflection of the public can only be seen when democracy is supported by federalism when the number of representatives in legislatu...

• Word Count: 1088
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... society is left unchecked, the state can "collapse into anarchic disorder" (Rosenblum, 2001). Hence, how far should the government be responsible for growing civil society in order to achieve an optimum "productive tension" such that the people benefit from civil society, whilst ensuring that the state remains effectively governed? In this essay, I shall explain why I believe that the government should not be responsible ... is stifling its growth"" (Tan, 2014). The attempts by the Singapore government to control civil society by suppressing the people's freedom of expression have...

• Word Count: 817
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... corruption is easily refuted because liberal democracies simply create laws to prevent this type of corruption and since the rule of law applies to all citizens these people are held accountable for any laws they break in spite of how much wealth or power they may have. Branco's assertion does not, however, stop with the implication that capitalism can lead to corruption. He ... also acknowledges that originally liberal democracies have come to accept a specific type of political equality known as the equality of opportunity. Yet, in recent years this type of equality seems ... to be g...

• Word Count: 1285
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... that regulate the welfare of all migrants and potential migrants. Consequently, if one considers that the fundamentals of democracy involve the "government of a country by its people" (Hutchinsons, 1994:308), it becomes clear that multiculturalism's influence on persons within Australia must then affect the democratic process as a whole. Thus, a causal ... collective national desire to remedy the inequalities that have resulted from multiculturalism in a hope for social cohesiveness and a democratically rational solution. Typifying a representative democratic system, the majority support...

• Word Count: 2017
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... to be indispensable and above all necessary to the society two hundred years ago, when the ten amendments comprising the Bill of Rights were adopted into the Constitution, the bases of which were the ideas and previous experiences of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. One hundred fifty years after this is recognized as a clearly valid initiative, certain individuals ... argue that speech must be restricted - or protected in politically correct terms - because certain expressions can create a hostile environment for minority groups. Political correctness requires from society equal publi...

• Word Count: 1308
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate