... Soviet pressure, hence setting the direction for subsequent policies such as the Marshall Plan which was passed by the Congress in March 1948. The latter cemented the economic divide in Europe, and the Soviets responded with the Molotov Plan. However, though undeniable that this economic divide was due to the new direction in American policy articulated first in the Truman Doctrine, the decision made by the Congress to pass the Marshall Plan was ... end in June 1946. The conditions that the US wanted to impose on the USSR's loan request were seen as a threat to the communist ideology du...

• Word Count: 2144
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... they believed most Vietnamese were politically immature and lacking a sense of nationhood. As we can see from the beliefs of the American subcommittee, "the idea that indigenous political traditions or abilities might permit the Vietnamese to govern themselves in the postwar period was almost inconceivable," and this rested on "pervasive American assumptions of Vietnamese subservience and susceptibility to external control," (Bradley 89, 93). Mecklin proves this ... in life was their social ties. Therefore, the more the Americans escalated the conflict to intimidate them, the more t...

• Word Count: 849
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... and has a deep understanding of the period due to long-term research work preferential on the history of international migration and the foreigner policy in the 20th century and his work in the SED Rostock. The purpose of the book lto focus on themes that are rarely discussed - like the life of foreigners in the GDR-, and to deliver a more diverse view on the history of those years. The main limitation of this publication ... is that the documents concerning xenophobic aspects in the GDR do not ... ...

• Word Count: 1950
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... a key similarity with the proposals of the manifesto: an independent press that exposes corruption and abuses of power at a higher level, freedom of speech, end of discrimination based on political and religious beliefs, plurality of socialist parties, providing a larger choice etc. In any case, adopted from the manifesto or not, Gorbachev's aim throughout the reforms was to democratize and renew the Soviet system, furthermore, setting off a new ... path of a major structural reform. The demise of the Soviet Union portrayed as a revolution and a beginning of a new ... ...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... politics with an accurate glimpse of American ideology, misperception and thought in the first half of the twentieth century. Even though this book is a collection of lectures where there is obvious subjectivity, Kennan successfully displays an objective view on the topics he discusses in the lecture. Kennan's lecture gives the reader a panoramic view and solid background of American thinking about themselves ... and the rest of the world, with respect to events leading up to the conflict with the Soviets. As a result, Kennan gives a clearly articulated picture of his thoughts. ... were ...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... (NATO). Informal agreements comprise of a much less unofficial understanding between states on their security arrangements. These agreements may only rely on the word of the other states and may only involve the respective states conducting such operations as joint military exercises, the communication of security information or the assurance of military assistance whilst in a military predicament. A contemporary example of ... illustration of this point may arise between partners of the "Coalition of the Willing", namely Australia and the United States during the "Free Trade Agreement" ...

• Word Count: 1681
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate