... in the federal and state sentencing systems, social and legal scholars pressed for legislation that would replace indeterminate sentencing with a system that offered greater predictability in determining proper sentence dispositions and lengths of imprisonment (Frankel, 1973; von Hirsch, 1976; Kennedy 1979). Sentencing reformers advocated for structured systems that limited judicial discretion with the expectation ... the need to better understand the processes and context through which race continues to affect sentencing. In addition to empirical research; examining the effect of defen...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Hooks justifies her use of the term "white supremacy" as opposed to "racist" when describing the institutionalized oppression based on "race," stating, "-white supremacy" is a much more useful term for understanding the complicity of people of color in upholding and maintaining racial hierarchies that do not involve force- (Hooks , 1995). ... their own pain caused them by others" racism and white supremacy. To effectively build coalitions and create change, one must confront their own personal pains - this begins the healing process on multiple levels. When considering "racism" to be the bel...

• Word Count: 608
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

At UW-Madison, you will be part of a diverse ethnic community whose richness is an important element of the education of all its members. Based on experiences in your specific minority community and in your high school, discuss ways in which the energy and challenges generated by diversity can create and enhance an ... indicates that, beyond special programs, the existence of diverse populations of students on college campuses has positive educational effects on both majority and minority students. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, campus diversity initiatives will have positive effec...

• Word Count: 607
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... that its particular condition evolved, not in a vacuum, but derivative of forces affecting the enitre class as a whole. The idea of a national multiracial coalition lobbying big government on behalf of all economically disadvantaged Americans is an objective with which I most certainly agree. In South Bronx Rising, Jill Jonnes provides us with historical examples of the positive influence similarly ... is always a potentially divisive issue. Whites generally see affirmative action as preferential to African-Americans and discriminatory to white males. As neither group is likely to compro...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... its branches like Primatology, Human behavioral ecology, and bio archeology. Abstract This paper explores three published articles in which they talk about the origins of archeology focusing on individuals and institutions considering the histories of ideas, leading them to neglecting significant events. Fagan describes the origins of archeology in a more detailed manner and situates ... can contribute to solving tough world issues. The third articles summarizes biological mechanisms of primates' behavior across across more than 3 decades observing behaviors and performing experiments o...

• Word Count: 708
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate