... prison law to be implemented sometime within the near future, this law, which outlaws the torture or beating of an inmate still does not tackle the problem of corruption and inmates remain unable to obtain basic amenities. Other cases of arbitrary detention are still present with street sleepers and sex workers regarded as the most vulnerable groups within society. In 2010 specifically, a report published indicated that ... sex workers were beaten and sexually abused during police raids against human trafficking. This example further shows the lack of civil liberties that Cambodian nati...

• Word Count: 3095
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... but he believes that "internet voting is the worst possible choice for democracy." In addition to voter apathy as one of the main problems of internet voting, Harrop touches upon the potential problems of internet voting such as coercion, identity theft, fraud and that voting should be a communal activity. Moreover, he states that although internet voting may increase voter quantity, voter quality ... to Ikeda are costs that make it "quite rational for a voter to abstain from voting." As Ikeda mostly highlights the convenience of internet voting, she fails to mention and therefore overlo...

• Word Count: 806
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... reports, such as, when outspoken academic Cherian George, who has called for more press freedom, was denied tenure at Nanyang Technological University, and when letters of demand were sent by the government to bloggers and online media commentators to apologize and remove remarks that allegedly defamed government officials or the courts (Shah, 2013). The foreign media played up the fact that Singapore fell 14 ... clarify its policy is the protest led by civil society against the Population White Paper in February 2013. After the civil society uproar against increasing the population in ...

• Word Count: 817
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... preferences for candidates to hold presidential office, indicates one thing (the democratic principle), the Electoral College could easily prove to support federalism more than democracy. One of the avenues of expression and attempts at policy change that the democratic principle supports is the flexibility to allow a third candidate to run for presidential office. This third candidate would be able ... from the popular vote that the third candidate should get attention? The Electoral College, even though it rightly neglects to give candidates with low amounts of support the presidency, ...

• Word Count: 1088
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , however, many feel that our democracy is under attack by the nations battling political parties. Politics and politicians in America are the backbone of democracy; we cannot efficiently uphold the rights and regulations of the Constitution without elected officials to organize and delegate power within such a large nation. However, the power struggles between the political parties do not negate the fact ... real issues that affect people's lives in terms of the cost of groceries, employment, issues of shelter, certainly healthcare and prescription drugs, those are driving the concerns ...

• Word Count: 653
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... foreigners who were sent safely back to their country. In addition to the Maspero incident that resulted in the deaths of many civilians, and other incidents like Mohamed Mahmoud and Port Said incidents that all agitated the people against the army. The unpopularity of the army at that time was also triggered by their refusal to surrender power to a civilian government for almost two ... Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi emerged victorious, in an election that could be described as, among other things, democratic. After that, General Hussein Tantawi, the head of the supreme cou...

• Word Count: 1377
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... underlying argument that capitalism leads to corruption is easily refuted because liberal democracies simply create laws to prevent this type of corruption and since the rule of law applies to all citizens these people are held accountable for any laws they break in spite of how much wealth or power they may have. Branco's assertion does not, however, stop with the implication that ... seems to be giving way largely due to the fact that in most liberal democracies welfare liberalism is giving way to neo-liberalism and thus equality of opportunity is now giving way to equality of right. F...

• Word Count: 1285
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... it is strategically ineffective, rather than to bear the costs and risks of transition to a true democracy model. However, we should admit that over the years of the political transformation of the Republic of Kazakhstan the degree of political participation of citizens through the institution of democratic elections has increased markedly. And generally, it is a gradual transition from mobilization to democratic ... rate is very low, considering the fact that young people in the age range of 16-29 constitute more than one-third of all the adult Kazakhstan population. The number of wom...

• Word Count: 1572
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... best for the entire population. "Campaign contributions profoundly influence the legislative decisions of members of Congress, and thus contribute to the overrepresentation of special interests in Congress at the expense of the interests of unorganized citizens" (Smith 91). Contributors like Political Action Committees give billions of dollars every election in order to get candidates elected who will meet their interests groups ... figures, thus virtually guaranteeing that their clients will have direct access to congressional leaders" (Ginsburg, Lowi, Weir, Tolbert 447). The stable hol...

• Word Count: 1921
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... this essay will only concentrate on horizontal accountability as we assume vertical accountability as a natural indicator of the scope of inclusion of a state. First and outmost, governments have to be able to be held accountable by the public which requires a high degree of transparency in political decision making. The individual state agencies, although, working closely together, also have ... 's efforts to fight corruption are ineffective provides evidence for distrust in politics from the people. Some cases of the lack of inclusion involve discrimination of the Roma minority. The go...

• Word Count: 2022
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... its core, anarchism requires that its participation is purely voluntary and thus adequately governed by the people's will rather than a mechanized imposed one. Although these sources speak of entirely different aspects of society, they unite under the critical ideal of collectivist (ownership and control of the means of production and distribution by the people collectively) rule. It is crucial ... says, provides safeguards against bureaucratization. Similarly, Conlon covers the healthcare system as being purely voluntary, based upon the needs of the community, and without profit motivat...

• Word Count: 1276
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... gathering was known as the Assembly or Ecclesia. The Assembly or Ecclesia, was a seemingly limited franchise which bore similarity to modern day democracies where only free citizens of a minimum age, say eighteen and of sound mind can participate in the governance process especially elections. The assembly had four main functions: it made executive pronouncements (decrees, such as deciding to go to ... . By that, we can be sure that our legislators will be more objective than being subjects of the whims and caprices of third parties who might have backed them in their election into offi...

• Word Count: 2047
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... best approach to compare political regimes. Nevertheless, I will only make my conclusion final after I have interpreted the political systems of both China and Nigeria using his concepts of Participation and contestation. Robert A Dahl in his book "Polyarchy-Participation and Opposition"" caries forward his ideas of the conditions under which political systems change or are transformed from one type to another. (Dahl (1971) page 1) Dahl ... later, pitting off the two candidates in a run off. (O'Neil (2010) Page 549) This again gives rise to inclusiveness as Nigeria solely depends on its p...

• Word Count: 2103
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... either accept or reject such cultural variables. In addition, these collective attitudes contribute to the shaping of the government policies that regulate the welfare of all migrants and potential migrants. Consequently, if one considers that the fundamentals of democracy involve the "government of a country by its people" (Hutchinsons, 1994:308), it becomes clear that multiculturalism's influence on ... it undermines a system which places a special significance on democracy through representation. Therefore, it can be seen that many recent decisions that have influenced Australia's re...

• Word Count: 2017
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Jacksonians' triumph "from expanding the suffrage to restructuring federal institutions. From another angle, however, Jacksonianism appears as a political impulse tied to slavery, the subjugation of Native Americans, and the celebration of white supremacy "so much so that some scholars have dismissed the phrase "Jacksonian Democracy" as a contradiction in terms. Such tendentious revisionism may provide a ... natural harmony of interests between rich and poor which, if only left alone, would eventually bring widespread prosperity. By 1840, both the Jacksonian Democracy and its opposite (n...

• Word Count: 2407
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... grew nearer by cleverly campaigning to smear the lives of the PCI candidates. CIA sponsored pamphlets began circulation in Italy with forged documents, purportedly coming from PCI leaders, painting them as fascist and against the church. These pamphlets also contained damaging stories of PCI leaders sex and personal lives that further discredited them as the kinds of people fit to run a country. This "smear- campaign ... had but one goal, regardless of truth or not, and it achieved its goal by raising doubt in the minds of Italians, and by painting the PCI in a bad ... light. A series ...

• Word Count: 2795
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Graduate

... establishment. Democracy is essential to address India's developmental challenges in view of its diversity and need for responsive government. While criticisms of casteism, communalism, criminalization of politics and corruption are warranted, they represent an incomplete process of deepening of democracy rather than failure of democracy itself. An understanding of strengths and limitations of Indian democracy requires a contextualization of its origins, which gave it distinctive characteristics. These resulted from a western democratic political system ... a vehicle for empowerment in ...

• Word Count: 797
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concerning government, and many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; an attachment to different leaders have, in turn, divided mankind into parties" (Madison). These organizational agencies represent the ideals of society, and enhance the Madisonian model of checks and balances. Madison provides many examples of why we have a pluralist society in America, ... because the public interest is the sum of all group interests. We have pluralism to make sure that people's viewpoints are represented ... via factional groups that...

• Word Count: 1119
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... while reactionary school teachers teach its children to despise the present freedom"Therefore showing the flaws of the Weimar Constitution such as Article 48 being against the paradigms and value of democracy which the Weimar republic was to uphold and thus undermined the concept of democracy from the start. Also, the Weimar republic destabilization was due to right-wing violence. Right ... Richard Evans states "[Germany] remained on a continued war footing: at war with itself, and at war with the rest of the world the language of politics was permeated with metaphors of warfare, the oth...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the best. Therefore it seems as if it is almost impossible to analyse regimes from any perspective other than that of their citizens. The ability to persuade and coerce a population that the current system of government is most appropriate is simply manipulation of the people and we must bear in mind that whatever regime we live under, this must necessarily be the case for us ... enfranchisement which can be used to remove those from power who act in an improper way. There is no need to rely on the benevolence or nous of an authoritarian ruler to provide what we need and want as we vote...

• Word Count: 2466
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... so in America; as long as the majority is still undecided, discussion is carried on; but as soon as its decision is irrevocably pronounced, everyone is silent, and the friends as well as the opponents of the measure unite in assenting to its propriety. The reason for this is perfectly clear: no monarch is so absolute as to combine all the powers ... means that leaves the affected in a particular state, compellingly described as "a life () worse than death"13. In spite of the "formidable barriers around the liberty of opinion" that the majority raises in America and "the omnipresence and...

• Word Count: 2076
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... aware that they must respect their peers - although uniformed as to why - is the idea of pluralism, a framework of interaction in which groups show sufficient respect and tolerance of each other, and coexist and interact without conflict or assimilation(6). Pluralism entails the free exchange of ideas and that one hundred per cent of information be available to the public, because no less than one hundred per cent is necessary ... make an informed decision. The idea is that people learn tolerance through learning about one another and use intelligent reasoning to recognize and accept cu...

• Word Count: 1308
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... individual would not be heard at all. In a large republic however, where various opinions exist, a domineering majority would never be able to form and therefore, unpopular views would be heard and the minority would be protected. Additionally, a menagerie of wide-ranging opinions in a large republic would result in the government making much more moderate decisions for the public good as opposed to extreme ... situations. Even so, the Federalists did acknowledge that in a large republic it would be harder for representatives to be acquainted with local politics and common issues of the...

• Word Count: 1689
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , its democracy was not established until 1974. However, it is very significant to acknowledge that the democratic rule in Colombia has been difficult to sustain because of the influence of violence and corruption from the Guerrilla movement, Paramilitary groups, and drug trafficking lords. In addition, Colombia's political system has been different from other Latin American countries in the sense that it has a long history ... Perez, in 1993. Moreover, looking it from a regional perspective, Venezuelan politics has been working backwards in the last decade. Instead of consolidation of d...

• Word Count: 2250
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , individualist, rights-based ideology that had sprung from recourse to both Western philosophy and more traditional Japanese ideas of disobedience and resistance to authority. The concepts of 'Jiyushugi' (principle of self-judgement) and 'Bummei Kaika' (civilisation and enlightenment) had been celebrated through the writings of earlier Meiji intellectuals such as Fukuzawa Yukichi and Nakamura Masano15, and had remained sufficiently vitalised up until the 1920's with political organisations such as the ... that they existed as a fiercely uneven opposition to the conservative and mil...

• Word Count: 2458
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate