... an aversive conditioning experience that brought the phobia on. A second criticism concerns the issue of the lack of equipotentiality of phobic stimuli. In other words, why is it that animal, height and water phobia are so very common when phobias of guns, knives and electrical outlets are unknown, even though the second group is the most likely to produce a ... extinguished by repeatedly exposing little Albert to the white rat without the loud bang. Another way to extinguish a phobia is through counter conditioning. In counter conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is paired with a plea...

• Word Count: 826
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... , whose theory was that the reflex is the essence of all reactions. Pavlov went further and discovered that the conditional reflex is a response, which is not directly connected with the stimulus, but caused by association with a previous experience. The conditioned reflex was discovered in the following experiment on a dog. A bell rung just before a dog was fed; the dog salivated on receiving ... very close in time to the unconditioned stimulus, if the bell louder, or if the dog was trained on larger pieces of meat the amount of salivation would be larger. This discovery was very import...

• Word Count: 563
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate