... What are ion-dipole attractions and how are they involved in the process of solvation What does crystallization or precipitation mean? What is a supersaturated solution? How is this kind of solution made? What happens to the boiling point and freezing point of water when salt is added? How can you increase the rate at which ... is the solvent Types of Solutions Solid Solutions Alloys = How are alloys formed? Gaseous Solutions Liquid Solutions Miscible Immiscible: Example Aqueous Solutions Aqueous solution = water as solvent Electrolyte = substance that dissolves in water to form solutio...

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• Grade Level: High School

... to extracting the caffeine, also the run time could have been increased to optimise caffeine extraction. It was also noticed that when treating the solution with dichloromethane bubbling of the aqueous layer occurred. This could have caused the aqueous layer to remain in the organic layer. This would have affected the purity of the sample in the end and making the separation step ... non-polar C18 column. The calibration curve was also successful. However an error in the some data points caused a curve in the line. Inaccuracies in the making up of this solution may be attributed to this...

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• Grade Level: High School

... able to move through selective permeable cellular membranes. They must regulate moving necessary materials in and out of the cell in order to maintain homeostasis. Because of a cell's aqueous environment, it allows water to pass by osmosis or aquaporins. With osmosis, water can move throughout the membranes of a cell, down its concentration gradient. Water moves from areas ... solute with a smaller volume to diffuse into. More solutes enter the cell with a larger surface area to volume ratio. Materials: - 2% agar containing NaOH and the pH-indicator dye phenolphthalein - 1% phenolphtha...

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• Grade Level: High School

... from the center of a cell to its surface almost as fast. There are two types of diffusion across the membrane barrier: OSMOSIS: It depends on concentration of solutes in an aqueous solution on the two sides seperated by a membrane. Solute concentration is related to osmotic pressure. Greater the solute concentration, greater the osmotic pressure, and greater the tendency to absorb water. Hyperosmotic ... Solution (hypertonic): A solution with a higher concentration of solutes. Hypoosmotic Solution (hypotonic): The solution with lower solute concentration. Isosmotic Solution (isotonic): ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... active transport', which requires a specialised carrier molecule, as well as a source of energy. Osmosis Osmosis is a special type of diffusion. It is the movement of water molecules from a weak solution to a strong solution. Osmosis involves water diffusing through a semi-permeable membrane. This process will continue on until the solutions on either side of the membrane are of equal concentration. If the internal ... the cell surroundings have a greater concentration, then water disperses from the cell. When unequal solute concentrations in aqueous solutions are on either side of semi...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate