... was an autocratic empire, depending for its survival on the suppression of freedom. Metternich (the Austrian chancellor) was a ruthless ruler and he understood very well the dilemma of an autocratic government, that it was far better not to make any concessions to the people. Even though ... . His policy was therefore simple repression and was supported by the apparatus of the police state with government controlled courts and press, spies, informers and arbitrary arrests. Austrian rule in Lombardy/Venetia was harsh and heavy handed. Taxation was twice as heavy per head as in ... Jesuits...

• Word Count: 1479
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the parliament rejected it and appointed Otto von Bismarck as Prussian prime minister. When he took office in 1862, he called that the government would rule without parliamentary consent, but he had the Prussian bureaucracy go right on collecting taxes, even though the parliament refused the bill ... conservative leadership, so he put together a federal constitution for the North German Confederation. It stated that each state had its own government but the king was the leader of the confederation. This constitution unmasked popular participation and there was power only in the hands of ....

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was a conflict between Austria and Russia. During a conference in 1908 Austria and Russia came to a secret agreement that Russia would favor the Austrian annexation of Bosnia, and in return Austria would support the opening of the Straits to Russian warships. Yet Austria broke the word of the secret ... The people of Germany strove to have a "place in the sun- and the German government faced a lot of pressure from its citizens to accomplish this goal as well as the pressure that the Austrian government faced to rid the pan Slavism that burdened and aggravated the country to a great exten...

• Word Count: 1892
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... these mistakes was his agreement to form an alliance with Adolf Hitler and the German Third Reich. In essence, Italy was a historical follower; the government jumped onto the Allied bandwagon when it was clear they would win World War I and later switched sides in order to join the Axis Powers ... end,"" did not immediately agree to sign a formal alliance with Hitler at the time. Anonymous articles during this time continued to proclaim that the Fascist government were not pacifistic, as were the democracies. For this reason, Mussolini argued the Axis Powers could strike at the "precise ...

• Word Count: 2168
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Commander in chief of the army of Italy. In victory after victory he established himself as a political power that The Directory (French government officials) feared him and constantly shipped him around the continent. However, elections took place, the royalist seemingly were going to take over the ... government which cause Austria to take a second guess on a peace agreement with France. Napoleon crushed the royalist movement and forced Austria to a peace ... which probably didn't help his, invincible ego. By the age of thirty, Napoleon was said to have the France in his hand. He soon...

• Word Count: 1797
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . When Napoleon's main plan to invade the British channel was canceled he planned a secondary attack to attack at Egypt and then India. Napoleon's new plan was supported by the French government so Napoleon started on his voyage. Napoleon started sailing to Egypt in May 1798 and succeeded in avoiding Admiral Horatio Nelson, the best British naval commander. On the way to ... started a new group called the Consulate, and he made himself the first consul. As Consul, Napoleon made it known that he was a civilian ruler. He made many changes to the government including centralizing the admini...

• Word Count: 1970
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography