... twelve people from a jury pool. Currently this potential jury pool is taken from the tax register, motor vehicle records or voter registrations lists of the county or municipality in which the case is to adjudicated (Schmalleger, 2012, p. 231). I like this process it appears has worked so far for America ... by not less than five-sixths of the jury * * *." Pursuant to such authorization the Legislature enacted N.J.S.A. 2A:80-2: "In any civil cause wherein a jury of 12 shall be impanelled, a verdict may be rendered by 10 or more of the jury agreeing * * *" (Ward v. Weekes, 258 A. 2d 379 ...

• Word Count: 1709
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

THE BILL OF RIGHTS GUARANTEEING FREEDOM FOR ALL THE BILL OF RIGHTS GUARANTEEING FREEDOM FOR ALL On September 12, five days before the Convention adjourned, Mason and Gerry raised the question of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution. But the motion of Gerry and Mason to appoint a committee ... can carry a weapon. (Weir 114) The only people who can legally carry a gun are people with permits and with in shown in complete sight. The second amendment does protect the county's freedom and protects the public too. The third amendment protects the right of civilians' privacy concerning soldi...

• Word Count: 1410
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Benjamin Franklin America has never and will never forget Benjamin Franklin, because he would "write things worth reading or do things worth the writing." He wrote as much as he possibly could and became famous for doing many things. Benjamin stands alone as the only person to have ... . Braddock ignored his warning. As a result, the French and Indians ambushed the British. Meanwhile, Franklin raised volunteer colonial armies to defend frontier towns and supervised construction of a fort in Carbon County, Pennsylvania. In 1757, the Pennsylvania legislature sent Franklin to London to speak for...

• Word Count: 1625
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... students in grade school have been the victims of affirmative action discrimination and exclusion from public schools. "In Silver Spring, Maryland, the parents of a seven year old sued the Montgomery County School Board after their son was barred from transferring to a math and science magnet school because it would reduce the proportion of whites in his old school." Also in Northern ... Virginia's Arlington County, "parents of two white children who lost a lottery for admission to an alternative kindergarten sued because lottery was weighted in favor of minority applicants." "I am all ...

• Word Count: 1573
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... bill of rights by the Framers was the chief obstacle to the adoption of the Constitution by the states. Many state constitutions had a list of rights. The colonists had just thrown off the yoke of English oppression in order to guarantee their basic freedoms. Why didn't the Constitution ... have a bill of rights? The Federalists, who did not see the need for a bill of rights, felt that a list of specific rights was not necessary. In fact, it was detrimental to protecting individual rights. The opinion of Federalists (as written by Alexander Hamilton in ... Federalist Paper No. 84) was ...

• Word Count: 1763
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... national as well as regional and sub-regional concerns to reach the central government. Local interests are expressed in state capitols through state legislatures and, of course, in city and county councils and other local legislative bodies. Many potential places exist for resolving conflicts before they reach the crisis stage. Also, federalism achieves unity through diversity. Ethnicity, color, language, ... through elections, public hearings, and other means. The local and state governments serve as political training camps for aspiring leaders, who can test the waters in a school bo...

• Word Count: 1746
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... of rights. In the Sixth Amendment, it is stated that, "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right...to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence." A first reading of this phrase one might be think that this right, that which gives a person accused of a crime to have lawyers for his defense, is common knowledge being that it is ... named Smith Betts was charged with robbery requested that the court appoint counsel to his defense. The judge denied this request on the grounds that in that county it was not practice in that county for the court to appoint counsel t...

• Word Count: 2059
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... It was James Madison, though, that helped pass the first ten amendments. On September 25, 1789, the First Congress of the United States therefore proposed to the state legislatures 12 amendments to the Constitution that met arguments most frequently advanced against it. The first two proposed amendments, which concerned the number of constituents for each Representative and the compensation of ... Congressmen, were not ratified. Articles 3 to 12, however, ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures, to constitute the first 10 amendments of the Constitution.? (National Archives, ...

• Word Count: 1631
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... England to complete his education at the academy at Wakefield. He probably returned to Virginia in 1752. He then studied law OCCUPATION: Planter OFFICES HELD: Justice of the Peace, Westmoreland County, 1757; Delegate, Virginia House of Burgesses, 1758-1775; Delegate, Continental Congress, 1775-1779; Signer of the Declaration of Independence, 1776; Member, Virginia House of Delegates, 1777, 1780, ... burgesses met at the Raleigh Tavern to continue their discussions. Richard Henry Lee 1732-1794 Virginia House of Burgesses, Representing Virginia at the Continental Congress Born: January 2...

• Word Count: 1313
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... Dickinson submitted the first written version of America's first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, to the Congress on July 12, 1776.2 After more than a year of revisions and debate, Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777 at the York County Courthouse in New York.3 It was not until 1781 that the last of the thirteen states to accept the ... still in use today.11 Congress further enhanced the issue of frontier lands by passing two important land acts: the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.12 The Land Ordinance of 1785 create...

• Word Count: 1580
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . It has three judges elected to six-year terms. Voters in seven judicial districts elect district court judges to four-year terms. Each county has at least one magistrate. The Idaho Legislature held its first session in 1890. At that time the legislature was composed of 18 senators ... and 36 representatives. The state constitution was amended so each county had at least one Senator and one Representative. Currently reapportionment that occurs every 10 years determines the size of the Idaho Legislature. Until 1968 ... commissioner is elected to a four-year term. One of the commissioners...

• Word Count: 1848
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... West Point: Public enemies of the United States have never been afforded the protection of the Bill of Rights. This is not based on their nationality or territorial location. A close reading of Supreme Court precedent clarifies that the political branches exercise war powers in a manner exclusive from the Bill of Rights (except with regard to US domestic populations "where the ... Omar Abdel Rahman was the perfect example of the critical nature of this information and its repercussions. "Standard Criminal trial rules required the government to turn over to the defendants a list of 200 p...

• Word Count: 1998
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Henry David Thoreau, an American writer, philosopher and transcendentalist, was born in Concord, Massachusetts, on July 12, 1817. His friend and fellow author Ralph Waldo Emerson spoke of Thoreau's character saying, "He was bred to no profession; he never married; he lived alone; he never went to ... men only,""ay, if one HONEST man, in this State of Massachusetts, ceasing to hold slaves, were actually to withdraw from this copartnership, and be locked up in the county jail therefore, it would be the abolition of slavery in America- (http://www.walden.org). His view on slavery can be summed ...

• Word Count: 2294
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... is, perhaps, of all the constitutional rights that American's hold dear, the most precious in our hearts. The right that grants us freedom of speech was deliberately first on the list of new priorities, thus suggesting the founding fathers believed the freedom of expression deserved the foremost place in this innovative and radical Constitution. Simply stated, all Americans deserved to be ... high profile crimes that when they are captured they are more eager to contact an agent than a defense attorney (Don Pember, p. 113). But without warning, during the hot and steamy summer of 1977 e...

• Word Count: 1561
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... a tobacco plantation with his parents in Virginia. For a short while in his early childhood, Henry attended public school. After that he was tutored by his father, John Henry, a surveyor and county justice. Later in his life as a young man, Henry entered into a career of importing and exporting. His skill, however, proved to be somewhere other than business. He failed as a storekeeper ... marriage, Henry then turned his attention to the study of law. He received his license to practice law in 1760 and soon after acquired a large number of clients within his county. By 1770 Henry was spe...

• Word Count: 1385
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... 's dark and drizzling. One is shrouded by the hood of his sweat shirt, the other is hyped up by his role as community policer. They each have their own long list of anxieties and fears which eventually leads them to a confrontation. Without a gun, it's a shouting match or maybe even a scuffle. With a gun, we know the ending" (Stromberg 1). This may be true ... , they could have stopped the shooter. For example, on December 9th 2007, a similar situation occurred. On that day, Matthew Murray went to Youth With a Mission in Arvada, Colorado at about 12:30 a.m., and shot and killed two people...

• Word Count: 1669
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... by a tyrannical, oppressive regime. Although most citizens are quite happy with the current form of government and do not see any "conspiracy" in the brewing, the militia groups have a long list of concerns which I will bring to the forefront in an attempt to get a better understanding of the mindset behind the growing militia movement in America. Okay, so what is the ... .. Coin money, regulate the value thereof.., and the Free Coinage Act of 1792, which specified money to be gold or silver coin. Additionally both the United States Code at Title 12 s. 152 which states: Lawful money of t...

• Word Count: 1328
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the first need of the new administration was that of unity among the new states. The initial draft was submitted by the committee to the Second Continental Congress on July 12, 1776. Problems with taxes according to population numbers, the granting of one vote to each state, and the right of the federal government to dispose of public lands in the ... . The Declaration then goes on to mention a large number of grievances against the monarchy (Referred to as "HE", which should be taken as reference to the King of England). This list includes such things as the refusal to "assent to laws",...

• Word Count: 2128
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... attempt to control student discipline under the appearance of medical procedure." Attempts to pretest athletes raise the issue of whether extracurricular activities are rights or privileges However, In Schail v. Tippecanoe County School Corporation, a federal district court ruled that a drug analysis program for student athletes was justified by the school's "legitimate need to ensure drug-free athletes" (Gittins 1988). In this ruling ... a "property" or "liberty" interest protected by the Fourteenth Amendment--especially since the testing program preserved confidentiality, lacked crimi...

• Word Count: 1422
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... public's exercising their rights to read a book or write an e-mail, but it also prevents library staff or booksellers to inform their patrons if the FBI has asked for their reading list (Talanian). The freedom to read any book of interest or search for information on the internet, is a right that is vital to the exchange of ideas that makes this country ... ...

• Word Count: 2045
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... two days without permission of the other house. The legislature may not pass a law that has more than one topic. If a majority of citizens in a county votes to prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages in that county the legislatures is not allowed to interfere with that decision. The legislature is not allowed to pass a law for the death penalty. The legislatives main ... ...

• Word Count: 1844
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• Grade Level: High School

... extreme measures to keep communists out of the Federal Government. Joseph McCarthy was an unknown Senator until February 9, 1950 when he announced to the Women's Republican Club that he had a list of communists who were working for the State Department (Schreker p.72). This speech would mark the beginning of a witch-hunt that would last for many years to come. During the ... and anyone who at one point had been affiliated with the Communist Party throughout the government. This was done in two ways: the loyalty security program and the Attorney Generals list. The loyalty security progra...

• Word Count: 1455
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... world, including in countries where U.S. troops are not based. (Mayer 2009) The C.I.A.-led drone programs purpose is to assassinate suspects on President Obama's hit list. On September 30, 2011, President Obama added al-Awlaki to his hit list, accused him for working with al-Qaeda and gave authorization to the C.I.A to assassinate him. The assassination of Al-Awlaki was the first time ... ." (Sterio 2012) Although this would exclude Europe, it will be perfectly justify using drones in Yemen and Pakistan where the government has less control over terrorist groups. Under the list of Custom...

• Word Count: 1986
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... to receive these grants, high standards are enforced and they must agree to the law's requirements. These requirements are "establish learning standards, create annual assessments to measure student progress in reading and math in grades 3-8 and once in high school, set a level at which students are considered proficient in tested areas, and report to the public on what percentage students are ... the Race to the Top contest. Race to the Top "is a $4.35 billion United States Department of Education contest created to spur innovation and reforms in state and local district K-12 education...

• Word Count: 1563
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... accusations of Lawrence being a pornographer. During the remainder of the 19th Century, American and British editors, publishers, writers, and librarians felt obliged to examine every book for crude language (Jones 12), but a changed society has taken literary criticism out of the courts. In 1961, the U.S. Supreme court pondered if Lawrence's Lay was lewd or literary, but by 1969, the novel was ... required reading in college literature courses. Nevertheless, Lady Chatterley's Lover had a profound impact on the way 20th century writers have written about sex. Sex could no longer be igno...

• Word Count: 1720
• Approx Pages: 7