... species also have something called plasmids. Plasmids are small molecules of DNA that have genes in them. Restriction enzymes are able to recognize and cut apart a foreign DNA that can enter a cell. This can help fight off viruses because it can find bad DNA and reject it. Every living thing from the simplest to the ... route of physical traits or disease through a family, but they can follow the way of genetic material by tracking RFLP's through generations if they have DNA from all the family members. To find a particular gene, geneticists look for RFLPs that are always inherited wit...

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• Has Bibliography

... when cells are unable to produce necessary proteins needed to change certain chemicals into others or to carry substances from one place to another. The cell's inability to carry out these functions often results in mental retardation. Almost 1 in every 5000 children is born with defective enzymes resulting in this ... include cancer, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity. Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA and protein. They are located in the nucleus of each cell. Because chromosomes are carriers of the genome, such abnormalities in chromos...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... are very complex and complicated machines but definitely not as complex as the human body, which is made up of cells! Every living thing is made up of DNA. When you make a copy of DNA you have a clone! A Clone is an organism, or group of organisms, derived from another organism by an asexual reproduction, reproduction without sex. Genes would come from a body ... cell of a single individual: The word clone has been applied to cells as well as to organisms, so a group of cells stemming from a single cell is also called a clone. Usually the ... members of a clone are identical in their i...

• Word Count: 369
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate