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Cloning


             A long time ago, scientist dreamt of creating a human replica. Their first attempt was the robot, but because it was built whithout real living materials, a rocot could not think, function or feel like a human being. Robots are very complex and complicated machines but definitely not as complex as the human body, which is made up of cells! Every living thing is made up of DNA. When you make a copy of DNA you have a clone!.
             A Clone is an organism, or group of organisms, derived from another organism by an asexual reproduction, reproduction without sex. Genes would come from a body cell of a single individual: The word clone has been applied to cells as well as to organisms, so a group of cells stemming from a single cell is also called a clone. Usually the members of a clone are identical in their inherited characteristic that is, in their genes except for any differences caused by mutation. Identical twins, for example, who originate from the division of a single fertilized egg, are members of a clone; whereas no identical twins, derived from two separate fertilized eggs, are not clones. Besides the organisms known as prokaryotes the bacteria and cyanobacteria, a number of other simple organisms, such as most protozoans, many other algae, and some yeast, also reproduce primarily by cloning.
             Through recent advances in genetic engineering, scientists can isolate an individual gene or group of genes from one organism and grow it in another organism belonging to a different species. The species chosen as a recipient is usually one that can reproduce asexually, such as a bacterium or yeast. Thus it is able to produce a clone of organisms, or cells, that all contain the same foreign gene or genes The copies can then be isolated and used for study for example, to investigate the chemical nature and structure of the gene or for medical and commercial purposes for example, to make large quantities of a useful gene product such as insulin, interferon, and growth hormone.


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