... reports an aversive conditioning experience that brought the phobia on. A second criticism concerns the issue of the lack of equipotentiality of phobic stimuli. In other words, why is it that animal, height and water phobia are so very common when phobias of guns, knives and electrical outlets are unknown, even though the second group is the most likely to produce a ... pain. Phobia responses can be permanent unless the organism is subjected to the extinction process. In the extinction process, one must confront the fear without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus. For example, i...

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• Grade Level: High School

... with the person's daily routine - occupational functioning and social activities. A person can develop a specific phobia of anything, but in most cases the phobia is shared by many and has a name. Animal phobias - cynophobia (dogs), equinophobia (horses), zoophobia (all animals) - are common. So are arachnophobia (spiders) and ophidophobia (snakes). And of course, there's the fear of flying (pterygophobia), heights ... , R.J., 1990). It involves three steps: ~ training the patient to physically relax ~ establishing an anxiety hierarchy of the stimuli involved ~ counter-conditioning relaxa...

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... are 1. situational phobias such as: fear of elevators, airplanes, enclosed places, public transportation, tunnels, or bridges; 2. fear of the natural environment such as: storms, water, or heights; 3. animal phobias such as: fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice; 4. blood-injection-injury phobia such as: fear of seeing blood or an injury, or of receiving an injection. (Wood 520 ... if that object can be avoided, then there is less chance that the disturbing impulse will break through. Phobias may be acquired through observational learning, as well. For example, children who hear their p...

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... . These symptoms often include terror, a sense of unreality, or fear of losing control. The barrage of symptom usually lasts several seconds, but may continue for several minutes. For example, many people with panic disorders fear that they are having a heart attack, that they're about to lose control, or that they're going crazy. Other people with panic ... in families and are a little more prevalent in women. Many people that experience specific phobia have excessive or unreasonable fear of a place, thing, or situation(s). Exposure to this phobic stimulus (place, thing, or situation(s...

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