... to visit Mars, most recently Mars Pathfinder landed o Mars in 1997 (Mars 2). The average temperature on Mars is about -67 degrees Fahrenheit, although Martian surface temperatures range widely from as little as -207 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter to 80 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer (Mars 2). Though Mars is much smaller than Earth, its surface area is about the same as the land ... visited by a spacecraft, and even the Hubble Space Telescope can only resolve the largest features on its surface (Pluto 1). The surface temperature on Pluto varies between -379 and -361 degrees Fahrenhei...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... -speed jet streams were also detected in the atmosphere. Confirming ground-based measurements, the cloud-top temperatures were measured at about -200 degrees Celsius (-330 degrees Fahrenheit), and only about 73 degrees Celsius (130 degrees Fahrenheit) above absolute zero. The Pioneer 11 voyage also discovered radiation belts that are weaker than those of Jupiter. The radiation is absorbed by the rings and ... ...

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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... -speed jet streams were also detected in the atmosphere. Confirming ground-based measurements, the cloud-top temperatures were measured at about -200 degrees Celsius (-330 degrees Fahrenheit), and only about 73 degrees Celsius (130 degrees Fahrenheit) above absolute zero. The first spacecraft flyby accomplished by Pioneer 11 in 1979 accomplished many findings of Saturn's composition. The enormous weight of Saturn's atmosphere causes ... ...

• Word Count: 3775
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... may have oceans and rainfall on its surface, albeit oceans and rain of ethane-methane rather than water. Scientists suspect that Titan's present environment -- although colder than minus 289 degrees Fahrenheit, so cold that water ice would be as hard as granite -- might be similar to that on Earth billions of years ago, before life began pumping oxygen into the atmosphere ... ...

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