... lost in the war several times the machine was finally reconstructed in working fashion in 1960. It was however, in 1642 that Blaise Pascal was credited for building the first commercial calculator, a hand powered adding machine, the Pascaline. Although it was more limited than the calculating clock it became better known ... mechanically. Then, at the very beginning of the 1800's Joseph-Marie Jacquard built a loom that weaved by reading punched holes stored on small sheets of hardwood. Those perforated sheets of hardwood were then placed inside the loom which read the pattern of punched ...

• Word Count: 976
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... , keyboard, CPU, motherboard, power supply, case, hard drive, video card, and a floppy drive. On average you can save between $200 and $600 when you build your own computer. The reason for this is because if you use online computer manufacturing companies you can get computer hardware and software items cheap. The next step is to find a place free of static electricity ... . If your motherboard gets shocked you will have a big paper weight or doorstop, whichever one is needed it for. Once you have found this spot remove the motherboard from the wrapping. Line up the holes with the one in ...

• Word Count: 784
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the network where he could change students grades. He also reportedly hacked his way into the North American Air Defense Command computers in Colorado just for fun. When he was seventeen, he was caught stealing valuable technical manuals from Pacific Bell Telephone Company. A judge sentenced him to probation ... into computers at a local university, he was sentenced to six months in jail. When Mitnick was twenty-three, he met Bonnie Vitello, who worked for the phone company. A short while later, Mitnick and Vitello were married. Mitnick's computer hacking created a strain on the relation...

• Word Count: 937
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... that we are talking about (nanoseconds), but every little bit helps, especially when working on such a small level. If only we could develop a way for the information to slice through the silicon faster, then we could increase our data transfer speeds. That is what the PBG crystals can accomplish. By transferring ... photon is attached to the atom, the photon can rely on the atom to take it where it needs to go, therefore eliminating the need for the mirrors. Another reason that the PBG crystal is more effective than the electron is the mode in which it travels. It is known that ... el...

• Word Count: 941
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... or fame brought by this wonderful invention a man by the name of William Austin Burt from Detroit was awarded the honour of the 1st American Patent for a typewriter. But like all inventors Burt discovered that the life of an inventor was never a smooth one as his office containing the typographer burned ... 1944 two men by the names of Mauchly & Eckert proposed the construction of a new machine called the electronic discrete variable automatic computer or the EDVAC for short. While it took 2years to build it took a further 3years until the machine became fully operational. And unlike the ...

• Word Count: 870
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... and the motherboard. When purchasing a case, he picks one that comes with the power supply preinstalled. Then all he has to do is prep the case and get it ready for the insertion of the motherboard. After this is complete, he can continue with the system build. He starts by removing all the plastic and metal panels, slots, and additional openings ... motherboard inside of the case, he installs the CPU, cooling fan (heat sink) and memory into the motherboard. Then he gently places the board inside the case, making sure the holes lineup, so he can put the screws through. Next, he secures ...

• Word Count: 783
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Have you ever been working on your computer and all of a sudden it just slows down? Then you have to sit there and wait for it to pick up speed again. If your computer slows down when you're working with large files or many programs at once, you ... improve performance by installing extra RAM (Random Access Memory - your computer's temporary operating memory). Installing RAM is not very difficult. The following steps are for computers from the late 1990's to present. First, you have to determine what kind of RAM your computer needs, and whether your computer has enough open ... and keyb...

• Word Count: 643
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... of computer ethics. Many times they intentionally or unintentionally cost businesses money and lost time to fix the data that they have gained access to and to fix the holes that they come through. The government has created two organizations to help deal with hackers. Businesses must also defend themselves from attack by installing hubs, routers, firewalls, ... , costly and commonplace." The United States is becoming more dependent on information technology to operate and manage our nation's critical infrastructure systems. This makes a highly susceptible target for cyber-terrorists. Th...

• Word Count: 1083
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... government cover-ups to find the real truth. In order to tap into that machine there are loopholes in the programs, or programs that can create loop holes, such programs as decoders, rippers, and crackers. In order to regain control of the Internet we need to find a way to protect our own personal ... Encryption is the process of converting plaintext (readable data) into cipher text (unreadable characters) to prevent anyone else able to access the information. In order for some one to convert the plaintext into cipher text, they must decrypt or decode it into plaintext once again. In ciph...

• Word Count: 985
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School