... New York Harbor was in 1524, by an Italian named Giovanni da Verrazano, during a French-sponsored expedition on the ship, Dauphine (named after the eldest son of King Francis I of France). Verranzano left quickly and was not revisited except two years later by Estaban Gomez, who was a fur trader. The second main visitor was Henry Hudson, who was hired by the ... they all bounced back and rebuilt their cities as soon as they could. New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Milwaukee were all very non-black for most of their history. Up until World War II, black were not much of the popula...

• Word Count: 4369
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... : 1941-1945 D. 4th term: March 4, 1945 - April 12, 1945 V. Issues of the Election A. Election of 1932: a. Hoover was an incumbent presiding over the worst economic collapse in the nation's history. b. Roosevelt presented parts of his "New Deal" plan. c. Hoover's political philosophy depended on voluntary actions to achieve his goals, and this voluntary approach failed to materialize during the trauma of ... by surprise, they storm the heavily fortified defenses at the beachheads along the Normandy coast. This campaign marked the beginning of the end for Hitler's Third Reich. M. V. August ...

• Word Count: 8316
• Approx Pages: 33
• Grade Level: High School

... loss of the colonies, the easiest attributable ideology was failure of leadership on all levels, political and military. Political and military leaders became subjects of derision. The imperfect lens of history tends to portray these individuals as incompetent. A mythos permeates the American historical psyche that the British were opposed to progress, trying to enforce a centuries-old authoritarian regime on progressive, ... fifteen-year-old relative of his close friend from the Westminster School in London, James Smith Stanley, once again selling his commission. Escaping creditors, h...

• Word Count: 10342
• Approx Pages: 41
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... who built the United States. He was the only person who signed all four of these key documents in American history: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Treaty of Paris making peace with Britain (now the United Kingdom), and the Constitution of the United States. ... him well, loved him. But his bluntness, impatience, and vanity made more enemies than friends. On the great decisions of his public career, history has proved him right and his opponents wrong. But his clumsiness in human relations often caused him to be misunderstood. Few people knew abo...

• Word Count: 3135
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... He was still there when war broke out--over Danzig, as he had predicted--in September 1939. Germany invaded Poland, and Great Britain and France immediately declared war on Hitler's Reich. (America, as it had at the beginning of World War I, remained neutral.) Hitler's armies quickly crushed ... Joe Jr.'s final mission was an almost suicidally dangerous operation that consisted of dropping ten tons of high-explosive TNT on a German target in France. The mission proved fatal, as Joe Jr.'s plane exploded in the air over southern England on the evening of August 12, 1944. The ... striden...

• Word Count: 8348
• Approx Pages: 33
• Grade Level: High School

... items) were vulgar and the only ways to stay in the upper class and be accepted was to imitate the French and have everything from Paris. France, in the 1800s, considered itself to be the most powerful, most rapidly expanding nation on the continent. It was growing rapidly after the Revolution in the ... great number of servants, as did other foreign countries, which set the standards. It was during this time that people began to realize that family history did not matter as much. It was enough to be rich because society was defined by income and not by birth. It was also during this ......

• Word Count: 2560
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... the number of capital crimes grew to 300 and it is felt that executions reflected "God's law" and were necessary for maintaining order. In France, the method of execution was intended to match the crime and the convict's social rank. Those such as noblemen, of a higher rank were ... of the guillotine, a device where a large blade will chop off the head of the condemned. This method became the standard method of execution in France until it was abolished in 1981. At the request of Dr. Alfred Porter Southwick's, a modern method of execution was invented: death by electrocution. ... appli...

• Word Count: 6785
• Approx Pages: 27
• Grade Level: High School

... when describing shaving mugs: The Blank: This refers to the size and shape of the mug. Blanks range in size from 3 ¼ to 4 inches. All the blanks were imported, mainly from France, Austria, and Germany. There are three distinctive patterns of mug blanks: 1. The straight blank is usually 3 ¼ inches, It was used primarily in the pre-1891 period. 2, The short blank is ... wagons, barrel makers, cigar rollers, buggy makers, hat makers, and cowboys. Many of the now defunct occupations depicted on antique American shaving mugs are reminders of the past, and show a history of the growing indu...

• Word Count: 1549
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... political changes in Northern Europe and the growth of new economic interests, Roman Catholicism would probably have undergone no more than gradual change. (Burns, Learner, and Michael, Western Civilizations: Their History and Their Culture, New York; W.W. Norton, 1980. P. 348) At its very beginning, however, Protestantism was a revolt against specific practices and beliefs in the Roman Catholic Church. The single ... followed the Calvinist model of piety, simplicity and stern moralism. It spread into most countries of Western Europe where trade and finance became leading Pursuits. The H...

• Word Count: 1512
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... /AIDS is one of the most untamed diseases in our country and will continue to be one of the most devastating epidemics in the United State's history. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a new disease in the United States when doctors in New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco ... enough to kill for food (http://www.apnet.com). Monkey meat, or more commonly known in Africa as "bush meat" was a large market (http://history.acused.edu). Slaughtering the monkey was often a somewhat gruesome process that took place in less than sanitary conditions where gloves we...

• Word Count: 2138
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... he wrote his Letters from an American Farmer, a series of delightful self-accounts of his own ideal existence as an American citizen. He came back to France, and while he was there, his home was burnt down and his wife became a fugitive in the American War of Independence. Returning to America, ... himself when he comments about his works. The simple fact of not wanting to be recognized for a masterpiece shows how much his life developed from France to America. Even when Crevecoeur finally settled in America, his life was still developing in other places. He was a very worldly man who fr...

• Word Count: 2927
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Wisconsin, Arkansas, and Maryland before he settled down at the University of California in 1946. While at Wisconsin, he was a President Adams Fellow in History. The Reconstruction period had a lot of issues to settle. These issues were rebuilding the south, readmitting the southern states to the Union, and racial ... some things, and later told a little information within the three years before his trial. Eugene Franklin Georges Clemenceau was born in 1841 in Vendee, France. He spent all of his childhood in the French countryside. He was trained as a doctor, but his republican views cr...

• Word Count: 1982
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... same rights granted men, as in political and economic status" (Soukhanov 405) is one of the definitions used by the dictionary to describe Feminism. The history of feminism takes us as far as the sixth century BC in Greece, when Sappho wrote lesbian poetry and ran a school for girls. Another great ... feminist was Christine de Pisan, who broke traditional rules of writing, and in the early 1400s published autobiographical novels in France (Hopkins 87). Some years later in France during the French Revolution, Olympe de Gorges, who was one of the most outspoken revolutionaries of the time,...

• Word Count: 1151
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... oppression and discrimination, but now it attacked on another front. In 1968 unable to fight the discrimination aimed toward homosexuals and blacks, Baldwin moved to France. Many of these forms of oppression and discrimination are apparent in Baldwin's essays, novels and social criticism. However it is "Sonny's Blues ... 2011, discrimination was inescapable. In America at least, Baldwin and many other black artists found reprieve in the "Harlem Renaissance" in Paris, France. In a 1964 interview Baldwin was asked if racism was universal, he answered: I think so, because, after all the doct...

• Word Count: 2134
• Approx Pages: 9

... . "I was as isolated from negroes as I was from whites, which is what happens when a negro begins, at bottom, to believe what white people say about him- (46). He left for France in hopes of finding inspiration in a less discriminating place. I think that if he had remained in America, the country that he thought he hated, then it would destroy him before ... European and mine were African "they were no more at home in Europe than I was- (47). While in France, Baldwin met other American writers that were there for the same reasons. This is when he realizes that regardless of their ancest...

• Word Count: 1319
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... maintained a successful career to the end of her life. Mary Stevenson Cassatt was the daughter of a successful Pittsburgh businessman. Her fathers' love for France would prove influential to her education. She studied art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia, and then traveled Europe for some time ... Impressionists by advising friends and relatives to purchase their works. Mary Cassatt showed her work in the United States, and she also exhibited in France, Italy, and Spain. She was one of the few women artists to obtain international recognition during her lifetime. A...

• Word Count: 1732
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... heart and the most influential teachers for him. Hopper was a person who wants to learn more and more about all the new things. By that time France was the most modern country where he could learn modern life and modern art. He did his studies in Paris for a year. While he was in ... successful works, and this work won a prize. Critics believed it was a symbol of USA's past and America's pride. Also this work was very famous in France, and New England. In his second exhibition Hopper revealed a bunch of watercolors at a New York City gallery, and he holds his pride by selling all of ....

• Word Count: 1387
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... write. In fact, her best talent was writing. In 1951, she won a national writing contest held by Vogue magazine. The prize was a trip to France. Jackie attended private girl's schools and Vassar College. Her junior year of college, she went to study at the Sorbonne in Paris ... , France. She later returned to the United States to earn a degree in French Literature from George Washington University. Her first job was for the ... "If you bungle raising your children, nothing else much matters in life." In 1961, at age 31, she became the nation's third youngest First Lady in History. Her fir...

• Word Count: 812
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Chinese Attitudes towards death Throughout the history of mankind, "death?has always been a fascination. People have always wondered about the causes of death, the aftermath of death, and whether it ... and not bad luck. Calculating the ages of the people involved and comparing to the stars of the sky does this: astrology. In foreign countries like France and Spain, during funerals the undertakers, mourners, and pallbearers are supposed to wear black. The black clothing shows their grief and also protects them from evil ... Death & Dying. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1997. - Major, Jo...

• Word Count: 3834
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... U.S. Marine Core. He was honorably discharged after his term was up in 1945. Robert Rauschenberg studied many different subjects such as, sculpture, art history, and music between the years of 1947 and 1948. He studied at the Art Institute of Kansas City. In 1948 he would meet his future ... had his first one-man exhibitions in 1952 and returned to Black Mountain Collage. Robert Rauchenberg went to many places in Europe, such as Italy, France, and Spain. Robert had exhibitions at Florence and Rome in 1953. When he came back to the states Robert Rauchenberg moved in to a ... London. Rob...

• Word Count: 1980
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... U.S. Marine Core. He was honorably discharged after his term was up in 1945. Robert Rauschenberg studied many different subjects such as, sculpture, art history, and music between the years of 1947 and 1948. He studied at the Art Institute of Kansas City. In 1948 he would meet his future ... had his first one-man exhibitions in 1952 and returned to Black Mountain Collage. Robert Rauchenberg went to many places in Europe, such as Italy, France, and Spain. Robert had exhibitions at Florence and Rome in 1953. When he came back to the states Robert Rauchenberg moved in to a ... London. Rob...

• Word Count: 1979
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of Racial Equality, or helping in the voter registration in Alabama, Baldwin was committed "to end the racial nightmare of our country and change the history of the world" (http://www.galenet.com, pg. 15). During the winter of 1944-1945, he met the distinguished black writer Richard Wright ... openly gay African American, Baldwin had long felt stifled by the prevailing racial and sexual prejudices in the United States. The 1948 trip to France marked the beginning of his career as an expatriate writer, and while his writing often returned to American subjects, he was based abroad ... 3)....

• Word Count: 2618
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... achievements were the purchase of the Louisiana Territory and his support of the Lewis and Clark expedition. He is remembered for his efforts of staying neutral in the conflict between France and Britain. Jefferson lost the presidency to James Madison in 1809. At the age of 76 Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. He died on July 4, 1826 on the 50th ... in 1891. He graduated as a mining engineer. Hoover directed the building of barricades during the Boxer Rebellion, and even risked his life rescuing Chinese children. When Germany declared war on France the American Consul Genera...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... have gotten the credit for the Battle of Saratoga instead of Gates. In result of this, Arnold quit and switched to the English side. This was the only time in history that a general ever switched mid-war to the other side. Ultimately, we won the battle. This battle was called the birth of a nation because for the first time in American ... history, we faced up to the English army, head to head, and won. This told the rest of the world that we were "for real", and France jumped in to help us defeat the English. After the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, many things changed ... . France got in...

• Word Count: 384
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... A.D. It has an outdoor pavement labyrinth that may have been a relic from Roman times. There are written accounts of church labyrinths throughout France and Italy with some still in existence, the most notable at Chartres, France. Most of the churches and cathedrals that incorporated the labyrinth were built during the 12th and 13th centuries. Interestingly, there are no references ... of years ago in the center of the cave, the heart of the temple and the body of the Goddess. Examples of Floor Labyrinths All illustrations from Mazes & Labyrinths: Their History & Development, by W. H. Ma...

• Word Count: 2250
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School