... hypertension (pulmonale and chronic respiratory failure) (2). Risk factors such as long term exposure to chemicals in the workplace or environment, second hand smoke; childhood respiratory infections combined with family history are noticed most always (17). Some warning signs to look for if emphysema could be the case are weight loss, green or yellow mucus or blood in mucus, an increased ... Computerized Axial Tomography) (14). EKG's are used late in the disease. Electrocardiogram records the activity in the heart. Basically, combined information on symptoms, medical history, a physical...

• Word Count: 3702
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... other animals prevented animal models from serving as an effective means by which to seek a cure for cancer. The weight adjusted daily gross of saccharin given to rats in animal tests of saccharin's carcinogenicity was equivalent to a human consuming about 1,000 cans of saccharin containing soda. Regardless of a compounds actual carcinogenicity at a typical human exposure levels, such ... a clinical context, many are recognizing the primary role of human-based clinical research. Modern imaging devices such as CAT, MRI, PET, and SPECT scan have revolutionized clinical investigation. Revie...

• Word Count: 3082
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... possible causes of dementia. No one test can determine whether Alzheimer's actually exists, which is also the reason why a physician must administer an exhausting battery of tests before making an Alzheimer's diagnosis. A detailed patient and family history will be taken; a physical exam will be conducted; mental status test will be administered; neurological exam will be completed; laboratory ... tests will be performed; and an extensive psychiatric exam conducted before a diagnosis can be made. Some doctors may order brain scans to rule out strokes or ... they must be well-aware of th...

• Word Count: 3614
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... much amniotic fluid, having more than 30 years, being overweight or having a family member with diabetes mellitus." [CITATION Dia14 l 1033 ]. Physical risk factors: Unmodifiable: Age: over 40th years. Family history: A person who have close relatives with diabetes have a higher risk of developing the disease. This increased risk is due to the combination of heredity and shared lifestyle. Race, ethnicity: Type ... years after the appearance of high protein in the urine, possible complications include: Anemia, chronic kidney failure, complications of dialysis, and end-stage renal disease ...

• Word Count: 2929
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... virus damages your CD4+ cells, also known as T-helper cells. A healthy person has between 500 and 1,500 CD4+ cells in one milliliter of blood, History of AIDS 4 however, a person with AIDS or the HIV virus has a lot less, around 200 T-helper cells. These cells are important because they ... The other form of HIV, HIV-2 "corresponds to a simian immunodeficiency virus found in the sooty mangabey monkey, sometimes known as the green monkey, History of AIDS 7 which is indigenous to western Africa", says Kanabus and Allen (2000). Another theory that researchers are considering is that HIV was...

• Word Count: 2868
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... wax and wane through a series of relapses (episodes when symptoms suddenly get worse) alternating with remissions (periods of recovery, when symptoms improve)." (Brunnscheiler) For many patients, a long history of MS attacks over several decades leads to slowly progressing disability, but for others the disability is more rapid and severe. MS is a life-long chronic disease diagnosed primarily in ... it will be the first symptom of MS in approximately 15 percent. This has led to general recognition of optic neuritis as an early sign of MS, especially if tests also reveal abnormalities in ...

• Word Count: 4268
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... wax and wane through a series of relapses (episodes when symptoms suddenly get worse) alternating with remissions (periods of recovery, when symptoms improve)." (Brunnscheiler) For many patients, a long history of MS attacks over several decades leads to slowly progressing disability, but for others the disability is more rapid and severe. MS is a life-long chronic disease diagnosed primarily in ... will be the first symptom of MS in approximately 15 percent. This has led to general recognition of optic neuritis as an early sign of MS, especially if tests also reveal abnormalities in the...

• Word Count: 4423
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , alcoholics, individuals who are calcium deficient, those who suffer from depression, those who have do not exercise regularly, and individuals with a family history of the disease (MayoClinic.com 3-4). Though an established method of diagnosing osteoporosis has not been determined, a medical history, physical exam, spinal radiograph, and densitometry exam are useful tools in determining a high risk of bone fracture (Marcus 51). Bone density ... tests are especially useful in allowing medical examiners to determine the rate of bone loss, detect a risk of osteoporosis prior to the occurr...

• Word Count: 3699
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . These symptoms usually wax and wane through a series of relapses (episodes when symptoms suddenly get worse) alternating with remissions (periods of recovery, when symptoms improve). (Brunnscheiler) For many patients, a long history of MS attacks over several decades" leads to slowly progressing disability, but for others the disability is more rapid and severe. MS is a life-long chronic disease diagnosed primarily in ... and it will be the first symptom of MS in approximately 15 percent. This has led to general recognition of optic neuritis as an early sign of MS, especially if tests ...

• Word Count: 3706
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate