For many generations, this practice has been a normal and accepted scenario for women around the world, but has now become an issue for international controversy. ... Attempts to increase awareness about the problems of FGM/FC and curtail its existence have been implemented through laws and organizations in Sudan and many other countries, but are they enough? ... There are many different opinions pertaining to these questions, but a possible lack of work being undertaken to stop FGM/FC could definitely exacerbate this problem in Sudan and worldwide, internationally speaking. Even though ...

• Word Count: 2538
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

For many generations, this practice has been a normal and accepted scenario for women around the world, but has now become an issue for international controversy. ... Attempts to increase awareness about the problems of FGM/FC and curtail its existence have been implemented through laws and organizations in Sudan and many other countries, but are they enough? ... There are many different opinions pertaining to these questions, but a possible lack of work being undertaken to stop FGM/FC could definitely exacerbate this problem in Sudan and worldwide, internationally speaking. Even though ...

• Word Count: 2538
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The sources of the Islamic faith are found in the Qur"an (Muslim scripture), the Hadith (teachings of the Prophet Mohammed), the consensus of the entire Islamic community, and the ijihad (Islamic interpretations of Islamic law). ... Rejecting the argument that the practice is promoted by Islam, the court reasoned, "Circumcision is not an individual right under Sharia (Islamic law)... There is nothing in the Qur"an that authorized it (UN, 1994)" The UNICEF Executive Director Carol Bellamy, reacting to the Egyptian court decision, stated: "The recognition that female genital mutilation cann...

• Word Count: 2909
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1948 South Africa instituted one of the most morally repulsive policies in international history. ... So, with the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized in the South African government. Racially-biased laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning of ``white-only'' jobs. ... And, rebellion against the race laws was dealt with severely. ... Hiding behind the power of the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, the white establishment had no in...

• Word Count: 3760
• Approx Pages: 15

Finance minister Amara Konneh says that's mostly because of damage done to mining, agriculture and service industries, as investors evacuate foreign workers, borders close, and international flights are suspended. ... Add to that the high cost of fighting the virus, and the country will run up a big fiscal deficit, even in light of international assistance. ... But of course an outbreak of an epidemic disease, well, those international borders are going to get closed, aren't they? ...

• Word Count: 2637
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Key to the understanding of racial separation, as exemplified by segregation and Jim Crow laws in America and the system of apartheid in South Africa, is the understanding of race itself and the effects of categorizing people by skin color as to provide a benefit to one of the parties involved, usually the minority party. ... This unification was evident in the creation of Jim Crow laws that allowed all white superior lining conditions despite their northern or southern affiliations. ... The Afrikaners were a living fallacy in the sense that they thought that they could continually stop the fl...

• Word Count: 3701
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Africa's people and culture have been subject to many external changes that left a trace in the way they think and act nowadays. Conquests, colonization, the slave trade, Arabic and European cultural elements, Islam and Christianity and recently the spread of consumerist society have all transformed...

• Word Count: 3051
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

Africa, a nation of immense natural resources, has been the victim of imperialism for many years. Europeans, declaring themselves "missionaries of God," have worked to pursue manifest destiny and bring God to the "savage" Africans. In order to do the Lord's work, in the 19th century, European countries divided African lands amongst themselves, exploited their then still undeveloped resources, and enslaved the African people, thus furthering their own commercial interests and expanding their kingdoms. Even after the de-colonization of Africa, the boundaries of the newly born states drawn...

• Word Count: 4292
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

France experienced many problems limiting it from taking full advantage of the transatlantic slave trade, between the 16th and 18th centuries there were numerous conflicts both on international and domestic scales in the colonising countries. ... This law was changed in 1698 when British merchants were able to trade African slaves as a "fundamental and natural right"17. ...

• Word Count: 2679
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to study development and broadcasting in Zambia, to draw conclusions as to the present situation of broadcasting and the direction it should move in the future. The study of the development of broadcasting in Zambia and its current structure are outlined together with details of its structure, policy and the constraints placed upon it. The findings of this study show that broadcasting - radio in particular - has become the dominant news source for the nation, an effective instrument of propaganda for the government and a powerful influence in the political, s...

• Word Count: 8649
• Approx Pages: 35
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Beliefs in conspiracy theories are widespread throughout the world, in every culture and community. They range from a world take over by secret societies to rigged Olympic games. Many are short lived, however, others seem to become self-perpetuating animals preying particularly on the Black community. The most common theories are that which circle HIV/AIDS. These theories have a devastating impact that effects the African American and Black South African population. ...

• Word Count: 9660
• Approx Pages: 39
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School