... is in Germany. Because of these allegations, an Italian court has frozen $30 million in Vatican funds (Rocca). Ten other banks are under investigation for having their fiscal residence in Italy but using the IOR as a shield to hide different dealings, such as tax or fraud evasion (The Straits Times). The investigation began after two suspicious transfers from an IOR account ... have been clarified with great simplicity." Furthermore, he believes that, because of the IOR's location in Vatican City, the IOR is "beyond the jurisdiction and surveillance" of the Bank of Italy rendering the a...

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... , in Sicily, and in Africa so successfully that Sulla allowed him to enter Rome in triumph and receive (81 BC) the title Magnus. He helped drive (77 BC) Lepidus from Italy and went (76 BC) to Spain to fight the remnants of the Marius party led by Sertorius . After this he returned (72 BC) to ... Italy and helped to end the slave revolt of Spartacus . Although he was not legally eligible, he was elected consul in 70 BC; he supported laws restoring the powers of the ... lived most of his life in Rome. The breadth of his education is apparent in his evident familiarity with the ancient Gr...

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... culture. The country has been around for centuries and as result it has gone through numerous changes in rulers, food, and culture. Throughout Italy's long history it has gone through essentially 3 times periods in regards to food and culture; the Ancient times, Imperial Rome, and the New World/ ... Renaissance. The ancient times were important in Italy's culture because that is when the first civilization settled in Italy, this group of people was called the ... fine wines, and even toppings such as honey. The New World/Renaissance time period was very significant in Italy's history and ...

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... customs. Many people helped in the unification of these countries, and helped bring people from all parts of their nations to come together. Italy was left completely fragmented by the settlements reached at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The Congress divided territory among the victors of the ... States to join Sardinia. In 1870 the army marched into Rome without opposition, and the people of Rome voted for the unification of Italy. The people of Haiti responsible for the revolt against the Europeans were slaves. Lead by Toussant L"Overture, the slaves thought of how ... remained o...

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... is generally acknowledged as the greatest of all Latin poets. He was famous in his own lifetime and was the first poet in the history of Latin literature to be the subject of lectures given by a contemporary teacher. There seemed to be a great deal of interest in ... . It was modeled on the Idylls of Theocritus, an Alexandrian poet. Virgil's emphasis is on graceful rhymes and the description of a romantic setting in northern Italy, but he also added many realistic details such as, his father's eviction from his farm due to political seizure. The most famous of The Ecolouges, The ... , the...

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• Grade Level: High School

Italian art history begins in Rome during the first through the fourth centuries. The birth of Christian religious architecture based on Roman prototypes, was developed. Resident in Sicily were the Arabs who Paladino 2 introduced styles of oriental magnificence such as Palarmo's Palantine Chapel. According to John White in Art and Architecture in Italy 1250-1400, impressive central plans, lavish materials, ... sumptuous color, mysterious lighting, and stylized representation describe such works as Ravenna's San Vitale and St. Marks Basilica. The Italian Romanesque was concentrated in Lombardy,...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... classical Latin was highly prized, as was the knowledge of the ancient civilization it unlocked"(Schiffman, 170). The study of moral philosophy gave students a strong foundation in making proper judgments. History emerged as a strong point and was stressed heavily. Historical texts, especially classical historical texts, served as a handbook to be meticulously followed. The texts used to gain knowledge of ... the humanists against medieval education system was the vocational way in which it was delivered. This new education equipped its students for many different paths. In fifteenth ce...

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... and Remus was killed. Romulus was Rome's first king and after he died, he became a god and vanished. The Romans were tribal people who lived in central Italy and like other Latins; they tilled small plots of land pastured cows, pigs and goats and tended flocks of sheep. Moreover, they had a council of elders who ... mastered by the Romans and gave the enemy little chance to gain spectacular successes like those of the first three campaigns. Slowly the Romans pushed Hannibal out of Italy and forced Carthage to ask for peace. The terms were that "Carthage formally surrendered Spain, and a...

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... had. Brutus, lacking in strategic sense, lost and also took his own life (Mommsen 69-70). After this battle, they all returned to Italy and Mark Antony took command of eastern Rome. Octavian faced many difficult battles including one led by the brother of Antony and one against Sextus ... Pompey. Mark Antony and Octavian's friendship began to diminish (Augustus). Antony formed a friendship with Cleopatra while Octavian began to gather power in Italy. Lepidus was forced to give up politics by Octavian. Octavian became the dominant figure in western Rome after his victory over Sextus and t...

• Word Count: 1168
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... and Remus was killed. Romulus was Rome's first king and after he died, he became a god and vanished. The Romans were tribal people who lived in central Italy and like other Latins; they tilled small plots of land pastured cows, pigs and goats and tended flocks of sheep. Moreover, they had a council of elders who ... mastered by the Romans and gave the enemy little chance to gain spectacular successes like those of the first three campaigns. Slowly the Romans pushed Hannibal out of Italy and forced Carthage to ask for peace. The terms were that "Carthage formally surrendered Spain, and a...

• Word Count: 1224
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• Grade Level: High School

... was. His perseverance is what made what he was and what I respect. There are many things about Caesar that had an impact the way I look at history and why I like it. Caesar was the great leader and had all needed characteristics that leadership requires. We need more leaders like Caesar. First of all, ... were really afraid of Caesar. In 49 B.C. Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon, small river that separates Gaul and Italy, and started Civil War. Within 3 month after staring civil war, Pompey was killed and Caesar became a ruler of Italy all by himself. (McManus, Barbara F., "Julius Caesar...

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• Grade Level: High School

... the end of the Empire, the reader is allowed to see each event unfold. The Roman Empire was the first "super power" of recorded history. The Etruscans and the Greeks had a tremendous amount of influence on the development of Roman culture. Law in Rome had great concern for humanity ... known about the period of the Kings is largely legend. The period of the Republic begins in 509 B.C. and is the beginning of Roman dominance in Italy and the Mediterranean. During this period we meet some of the most famous Romans: Julius Caesar, Brutus, and Cicero just to name a few. ... Etruscan influe...

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The Rise of Rome Rome is recognized as one of history's greatest empires. The empire dominated most of Europe. However, to become this magnificent empire, Rome needed to go through many wars and changes to become the Roman Empire we all know. In the beginning, Rome took over most of present day Italy by establishing an efficient government and social system. Fueled by ... plain of Lantium to build what would be the center of all Roman activity, a marketplace called the Forum. Along with the Romans, there were also Etruscans and Greeks living in Italy. Thus, Roman culture and government was gr...

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... first used as a term of disparagement often associated with the synonym for strange and bizarre. This gothic word has been abandoned though and replaced with a time in history that began about 1600 in Italy and lasted until about 1725. No single artistic style has encompassed the astonishingly varied developments made in Italian art during this time period. The Baroque period made great ... artist still carried this period with them. During 1747 many of the original Baroque styled artists were dead and new art styles were gradually making their way into Rome and Italy. Rome's domination...

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Italy had some fairly large fertile plains ideal for farming. Po valley was probably the most fertile agricultural area; the plain of latium, on which Rome was located. Geography had an impact on Roman history. Rome's location was favorable from a geographical point of view. Located eighteen miles inland on the Tiber River, Rome had access to the sea and yet was far enough ... inland to be safe from pirates. Because Rome was built on the famous seven hills, it was easily defended. All in all, Rome had a good central location in Italy from which ... ...

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... Polybius, Carthage was the richest city in the Mediterranean. Wanting revenge, Hannibal led a campaign against Rome that would later be admired throughout history by such leaders as Napoleon and Adolf Hitler. On his rise to power after his father's death, he was highly regarded by the ... 218 BC on his military campaign against the Romans. Hannibal implemented a plan in which he would catch the Romans unprepared for his invasion of Italy. With lightning speed, he crossed the Pyrenees Alps with an army of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and 37 elephants. (Lazenby, 15 ... the Romans from al...

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... ancient Rome is a tale of just how a small community of shepherds in central Italy was able to grow to the point that it became known as one of the grandest empires in history-and then collapsed. The old analogy that states what goes up must come down is more then pertinent when dealing with the Roman Empire. The larger they are the ... ...

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... , yet under the Empire lost some powers but gained others. Although control over the military and the provinces passed to the emperor, the Senate managed proconsular provinces, and in a sense Italy as well since it controlled the consuls. They also exercised supervision over the treasury, the grain, and water supply of Rome and the highways. The number of senators was once ... elective functions. On all-important issues, the emperor was naturally consulted before action was taken, and the Senate never acted against his wishes. The History of the Ancient World, The Romans World: 30BC to A...

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... three: overexpansion, political instability caused by Christianity, and foreign invasion by the Vandals and Visigoths. The Roman Empire, beginning as just a small city-state in what is now modern-day Italy, expanded it's territory mainly through military aggression and invasion, and would continue to do so for another 400 years. In fact, in 146 BCE, Rome had conquered Greece due to ... to control, defend, and maintain. The military and infrastructure budgets both suffered as a result. In one ancient Roman text, written by a citizen, named Florus, who wanted to record the empire's histor...

• Word Count: 1059
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout human history, societies have always fabricated tales. These tales collectively known as urban myths scare people into avoiding certain activities or behaviors. In the short story "Roman Fever" by Edith Wharton, the ... they might heed the warning, and not give in to the "roman fever." "Roman Fever" is recklessness it is freedom. This freedom is particularly present in the city of Rome, Italy. Here, their mothers told their daughter characters Jenny and Barbara that terrible things can happen, as soon as the sun goes down. Mrs. Ansley and Mrs. Slade adore the city ... ...

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... a victory in the naval battle at Actium, where a lost would have caused permanent disruptions of peace in Rome. Augustus, just like Aeneas, is concerned about getting and keeping peace in Italy. The idea of "pietas", a moral sense of duty of being devoted to a purpose that lies outside oneself, plays an important role for Aeneas. Augustus also had a great sense of pietas ... those individuals in it (i.e. Augustus). Even though Virgil wanted the poem destroyed while he was on his deathbed, Augustus wanted his contemporaries to read about the great glory of Rome's history along with the v...

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Pius IX (1792-1878) Pius IX was elected pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1846. He enjoyed the longest reign in papal history. His early acts as pope promised a liberal and popular government for the Papal States. He pardoned political prisoners, admitted lay people to the government, and promised a constitution. He fled Rome ... eliminate papal infallibility they couldn't, because the rule of it is that no dogma created by the pope can be refuted, and papal infallibility is a dogma created by the pope. Italy took the Papal States and Rome by force during the unification in the 1860's and...

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... reconstructing their present culture along classical lines. The Renaissance period took place from 1265 AD to 1633 AD. The Middle Ages were coming to a close and a new age was beginning. Italy was at the center of intense creativity we now call the Renaissance, meaning "rebirth". The Italian humanists were inspired by the classical works of Greece and Rome. The Italian humanists ... revived this type of culture and took it in as a new way of looking at the world. The rediscovery of their classical past helped to give Europeans a new sense of history as well as of their own capabilities....

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... became the undisputed emperor after a lot of years of civil war. At the empires peak they acquired lands throughout the Mediterranean world. Rome had first expanded into other parts of Italy and neighboring territories during the Roman Republic (509-27 BC), but made wider conquests and solidified political control of theses lands during the empire. The empire lasted until Germanic invasions ... internal unrest in the 4th and 5th centuries AD ended Rome's ability to dominate such a huge territory. The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of ...

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... time, much social disintegration and unhindered individualism threatened political stability. However, the adoption of Greek art for Roman needs was very popular. An educated Roman was well versed in the history of Greek Art and was socially compelled to collect Greek art for personal embellishment. The modernization of the old Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia is an example of the new Roman ... to the glories of Augustus and his empire. It celebrated the Roman imperial values in the role of its Trojan hero Aeneas, who is destined to found a new city in Italy. Virgil was patronized by Mae...

• Word Count: 1000
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• Grade Level: High School