... of serial killers, that somehow their primitive brain overrides the "higher" brain: reason and compassion take a backseat to lust, aggression, and appetite. A study by Pavlos Hatzitaskos and colleagues reports that a large portion of death-row inmates have had severe head injuries, and that approximately 70% of brain-injured ... psychopaths. Yet at the same time these individuals have the ability to hide their true selves from everyone around them. Harvey Cleckly conducted a study in 1976 titled "The Mask of Sanity." This phrase refers to the psychopath's ability to appear perfectly norma...

• Word Count: 5789
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... means you will have to shed your own blood or of someone else. Most initiations for gangs are severe beatings. Initiations such as: beat in, "26 penny pick up," "the wall," and also" the line."Beat in is when the joiner has to be beat by the strongest members of the gang, by being punched, kicked, and hit with objects. You ... the ground, then he or she will be beaten until all the pennies are picked up. There is also a 6 penny pick up for the young thugs. The wall is when the joiner stands facing a wall and is beaten by all or most of the strongest members of the gang. In addition, the...

• Word Count: 2668
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... control and violence, both in Canada and the United States, is one that simply will not go away. If history is to be any guide, no matter what the resolution to the gun control debate is, it is probable that the arguments pro and con will be much the ... 1977 leglislation was to reduce the availability of firearms, on the assumption that there is a "positive relationship between availability and use". In Robert J. Mundt's study, when compared with the United States, trends in Canada over the past ten years in various types of violent crime, suicide, and accidental death show no ... dra...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... penalty for juveniles. 2. Cullen, F. T., Scott, J. E., & Skovron, S. E. (1989). The Death Penalty for Juveniles: An Assessment of Public Support. Crime & Delinquency, 35 (4), 546-561. B. The article provided a research based study designed to focus on the characteristics of those who support the death penalty in comparison to those who support its abolishment. The article addresses the issue that the US is ... and feels that youth are the future. She argues that offenders are not significantly younger than in previous years. Many citizens refute this position as Fuentes shows by her stud...

• Word Count: 4558
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography

... gun ownership. (3) A thorough review of 18 studies of the effects of gun availability among potential victims and criminals found that the overall effect on criminal violence was zero. (4) In one study, researchers found no significant differences in total robbery rates between cities where guns were widely available and cities where they were not; in cities with fewer firearms, armed robbers simply ... ! There is a shot and you rush to see what the hell just happened, but it is to late your child is no the ground with their brains all over the wall and is dead in less than a heart beat....

• Word Count: 5482
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... see if he could tamper with them to increase the good traits over the bad. With the information gathered from both subjects Lombroso began a study of his own. Lombroso began studying the bodies of renowned criminals unlike the studies conducted by the criminologist who believed in the classical school. Lombroso ... theories. The French believed the origins of crime was related to social conditions rather then Lombroso theory of innate tendencies. With years of successive study, debate and contacts with the people who criticized his works he modified his theory and method to include all k...

• Word Count: 2697
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to perform policing duties. There are three issues that have shaped the role of ethics in policing: styles of policing, the police as an institution, and police culture. The study of police ethics highlights the importance of the roles and responsibilities of the police, specifically the power of discretion afforded to them. Police decisions can affect life, liberty, and ... evident prior to their employment in law enforcement. Once employed, police organizations can prevent misconduct by creating rules, creating surveillance and reporting mechanisms to detect misconduct, undoing the blue...

• Word Count: 2665
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their own. Americans supposedly take much pride in being the flagship of democracy but yet they kill their own (Winters, 1997). Kant's law of equal retribution is not a way to guide the punishment of criminals. People would find it morally revolting to "torture torturers, rape rapists, or terrorize terrorists- (Williams, 2000). The government should not sink to the level of the ... say that we need the death penalty to show it can discourage people from committing murder. For some politicians claim this is a good reason for the death penalty (Williams, 2000). A study by the Times found ...

• Word Count: 2712
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... centuries in Europe. They committed various forms of theft and robbery, along with extortion and rape. In the U.S., large numbers of gangs didn't exist until the nineteenth century. An early study by the Illinois State Police noted that a gang called the Forty Thieves was founded in New York about 1820 and this gang was believed to be the first youth gang ... been traditional talk therapies which teens see as invasive and persecutory. PSD also uses adventure-based counseling, hands-on games and physical challenges like walking on stilts, or climbing a large wall, which have proven to be...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... and substantial evidence of guilt. Bedau & Radelet, both opponents, "consistently presented incomplete and misleading accounts of the evidence." (Markman, Stephen J. & Cassell, Paul G., "Protecting the Innocent: A Response to the Bedau-Radelet Study" 41, 1 Stanford Law Review, 11/88). The remaining 11 cases represent 0.14% of the 7,800 executions, which have taken place since 1900. And, there is, in fact, no proof that ... in the "no capital punishment" category. Indeed, their claims of innocence, regarding the remaining 139 of those 350 cases, should be suspect, given this study's poor...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a racial bias in removing African Americans from juries in death penalty cases has occurred in 96 of North Carolina's 100 counties. Also, this study showed that prosecutors were more than twice as likely to remove qualified African Americans from a jury as members of any other race for more than ... down. Nearly all the death row inmates of North Carolina have filed a claim under the Racial Justice Act. A great example of how this study really helped show the importance of the Racial Justice Act of North Carolina was the state of North Carolina vs. Marcus Robinson. This was one of ... M...

• Word Count: 2866
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... higher than in traditional courts, cases were concluded quicker than in traditional courts and the rate of case disposition at arraignment was higher than in traditional courts (Casey 2005) "A case study of a Salt Lake County court, located in Salt Lake City, Utah, explored, in detail, professional stakeholders' perceptions of how a domestic violence court operates similarly and differently from the ... , Julie Galbo-Moyes, and Robin Jacobs, finds that problem-solving courts are able to reduce the overcrowded court dockets and are successful at introducing a more intensive judicial super...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... several key behavioral and childhood similarities among this sub-group of homicide perpetrators including: physical and psychological abuse, neglect, and violent fantasy creations. These conclusions tend to dominate the study of serial murder and its creation, often neglecting other possible contributions. This data brings up the question then of why only a handful of the many abused children become serial ... fretted over (Fox and Levin, 1999). Past studies have often looked at childhood and home environment to establish a corollary to their current behavior. Ressler, Burgess, Douglas,...

• Word Count: 5564
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... parents about contributing factors and warning signs. According to Lipsey, Wilson and Cothern (2000), there were several treatment modalities that demonstrated positive effects. This study observed consistent, positive effects among non-institutionalized juvenile offenders through the employment of individual counseling, improvement of interpersonal skills (including problem solving, role taking and ... These statistics suggest that racial disparities in the juvenile justice process may lead to the overrepresentation of minority youths in secure confinements. According to a recent OJJDP...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... everyone, that is why there needs to be choices. Another necessary change within the juvenile justice system is that the system needs to acknowledge patterns among the juvenile offenders. In a study done by Potter and Jenson, they established that there is a possibility of "stable patterns among the mental health, substance use and delinquent behaviors" of offending youths (59). If a specific pattern ... (Frontline 13). Equally, they are more likely to receive longer sentences when an African-American commits the same crime along with having a similar criminal background to a white juve...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... several reasons that individuals might accept a plea bargain including pressure from the prosecutor, indirect and direct pressure, and likelihood of conviction. For example, a study conducted by Bordens and Bassett was a quantitative assessment of circumstances in which people would take a plea bargain[Bor851]. In order to conduct their research they ... 67 males and 62 females who recently had felony charges in their record and agreed to accept a plea bargain. The participants in the study were between the ages of 19 and 48 and were mixed between employed and unemployed. Bordens and Ba...

• Word Count: 3937
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... tolerance policies and the use of alternative methods of ensuring school safety "beyond the scope of the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994" (Insley, 2001). A study published by the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing (2011) more specifically examined the unintended negative consequences of zero-tolerance policies in schools and explores an innovative alternative ... number of court referrals from schools. The author argues that this harsh response, to what he asserts to be normative adolescent behavior, is misinformed and counterproductive. This case study evaluates the Clayto...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... perceptions on the public. The common thought is that playing violent video games gives people, especially youths, the propensity to commit delinquent acts of violence. The study by Ferguson and Olson (2014) did an intensive study on the aggression and delinquency in videogames with youths already problematic symptoms and found that, "violent video games were associated with neither delinquent criminality nor ... or attention deficit symptoms" (p.132). These results are just one of many that oppose the idea that violence in video games cause violence in those who play them. Another stud...

• Word Count: 2700
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... The conventional wisdom, of course, holds that such prohibition will reduce teen smoking. All fifty states prohibit cigarette sales to minors, but a study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine (Rigotti and others 1997) finds that such laws are rarely enforced. To determine whether stronger enforcement ... sible to determine whether the enforcement efforts or the general decline caused the outcome reported. The findings of the later, more careful study by Rigotti and others (1997) strongly suggest that the general decline of teen smoking occurring at the time of the earlier stud...

• Word Count: 3739
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... argue that there is no deterrent effect. However, there are a number of studies that indicate that the contrary is true. A study by W. Bailey of the period from 1967-68 showed a deterrent effect in twenty-seven states ("Justice For All" 5). A later study by him showed a deterrent effect in twenty-five states ("Justice For All" 5). During the moratorium on Capital punishment in the United ... year before the death penalty was reinstated in Texas ("Justice For All" 6). All of these studies indicate that implementation of the death penalty correlates with a drop in the homicide rate. A stu...

• Word Count: 4548
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey conducted by the ABS in 1994 found that assault was five times more prevalent amongst Indigenous Australians than non-Indigenous Australians (ABS 1995c). A study of the rates of victimisation of Indigenous Australians found that Aboriginal women were 10.7 times more likely to be victims of violent crime than non-Aboriginal women (Harding et al ... sexual contact, or the relationship around the acts, or if they accepted inducements used in a process of seduction (Hawkins & Briggs 1995, p. 18). Non-Reporting by Sexual Minorities According to a ...

• Word Count: 3415
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... argue that there is no deterrent effect. However, there are a number of studies that indicate that the contrary is true. A study by W. Bailey of the period from 1967-68 showed a deterrent effect in twenty-seven states ("Justice For All" 5). A later study by him showed a deterrent effect in twenty-five states ("Justice For All" 5). During the moratorium on Capital punishment in the United ... year before the death penalty was reinstated in Texas ("Justice For All" 6). All of these studies indicate that implementation of the death penalty correlates with a drop in the homicide rate. A stu...

• Word Count: 3831
• Approx Pages: 15

... a growing interest in the geography crime. According to Georges (1978: 2), the geography of crime involves methods and theoretical foundations that make this research different from other approaches that study violence and corruption. The importance of this type of social science focus is that is associates the practice of anti-social relations with the spatial distribution of their negative effects ... a spatial or geographic view is essential to permit a useful assessment of the aspects of violence. During the nineteenth century, government officials and researchers used crime maps to...

• Word Count: 5510
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... times likely to be arrested and booked on assault charge[s]" (ONDCP 2000). Where punishment often fails, appropriate and high-quality drug treatment often works. A study conducted for the White House's Office of National Drug Control Policy, for example, found treatment to be 15 times more cost-effective than law enforcement at ... reducing cocaine abuse. Imprisonment costs an average of $30,000 per person per year, while treatment can cost as little as $4,000. (Another study found that every additional dollar invested in substance abuse treatment saves taxpayers more than seven dollars ...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... company? Will the action preserve my individual integrity and self-esteem?" I agree with Hoffman's "ethical gates," each of the gates has good advantages to them and would be a very reliable guide to use when making an ethical decision. A feminist ethics gate could be placed within Step 1: The Principle of Human Rights (the Kantian theory), because this "ethical gate" focuses on treating ... ...

• Word Count: 4097
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School