... for past sins and favor gained in the eyes of the church. Although the crusades were for some a religious endeavor, for others it was a political move. These crusades occurred between the years of 1096 and 1291. There were eight crusades in all. The first crusade was called for by Pope Urban ... Byzantine Empire. Alexius I appealed for help from the West, namely the Pope Urban II. At this time the conquest of the Anatolian peninsula strained the political stability of the Muslim world. Recognizing this, Pope Urban II decided to not only answer Alexius I's appeal but to in fact, launch a ...

• Word Count: 1809
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... many historians view Roman culture as a continuation of Greek culture (Spielvogel, p.84-85). Romans were practicing monarchy since it existed. The Etruscan monarchs changed Rome from a pastoral community to an actual city. This monarchy started to get threatened by Gauls in the 4th century B.C. and ... conquered by the Romans. After overthrowing the Etruscan monarchs, Romans developed the Republican government by expanding their military. This enormous change in the political structure was not easy, it took the conquest of whole Italy. Romans developed the political institutions in order...

• Word Count: 1295
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... that the good leadership was the underlying argument for the Ottoman empire by enabling the fundamentals of empire-building through territorial, social, political and economical advancements; that without good leadership, the ottoman empire would not have risen to power for it alone enabled the possibilities of the alternative arguments. Good leadership was most important in the development of the Ottoman Empire ... communal affairs and allowed to operate schools, religious establishments, and courts based on their own customary law, hence embracing (religious) human diversity instead of...

• Word Count: 4027
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... for many different reasons by many different people that left a lasting effect to the world. These years of bloodshed were led by men of power to bring money, greed, and fame to themselves at the expense of others. Although it brought a lasting uneasiness between the two religions, ... the children of the original crusaders were not quite as motivated and determined as the original crusaders, so the Muslims escaped the isolation and regained power. The Muslims, under the leadership of the leader, Zangi, found victory in attacking the city of Edessa. The Muslims destroyed churches, homes...

• Word Count: 1799
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School