What should or should not be done in the teaching of language in our schools? It has been the language of playgrounds, neighborhoods, and churches since African slaves were brought to this country hundreds of years ago. Ebonics - a term combining "ebony" and "phonics" - has been the subject of a bitter and contentious national debate since the school board in Oakland, Calif., voted last to treat black English as a second language in its classrooms and to begin instructing African-American students in the tongue as a way to build reading, writing and language skills. ... Many peo...

• Word Count: 825
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

While working many tedious low-paying jobs he managed to publish several poems to The Crisis (a magazine of the national association for the advancement of Colored People), one being "The Negro speaks of a River". ... In 1946 he was elected into the National Institute of Arts and Letters. ... He also incorporated slanged language to reflect the essence of Black American culture. ...

• Word Count: 774
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

Washington is attributed to saying, "more and more, we must learn to think not in terms of race or color, or language, or religion, or political boundaries, but in terms of humanity" (Black Americans of Achievement Video Collection 1992). ... From this conference formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, better known as the NAACP. ...

• Word Count: 517
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

His opinions are shared by many, specifically the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and many school districts. ... He goes on to say that regardless of the blatant use of racial slurs and stereotypical language, "these characters belong to their place and time, which is the Mississippi Valley thirty years before Emancipation."" ... In conclusion, my take on "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" is that while the novel uses language that is degrading to an entire community during modern times, it is no less an accurate representation of the language that would h...

• Word Count: 1132
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The primary source of language for this literature is European not Africa, which is also known as radical anomaly. African participants in colonial administrations in Africa began producing written works of literature in European languages. ... Most of their plays address issues of race, sex, politics, and gender, using music, humor and adult language. ... Since then, Freedom has grown from a small community theatre to an award winning, nationally recognized regional theater. ...

• Word Count: 1283
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

The Europeans or (whites) who controlled the slave trade realized that he had to strip the Africans or (black people) of all culture such as original names, languages, and religion. ... In order to accomplish that, they outlawed anything and everything belonging to or identified with African culture and forced them to accept their names, languages, religions, and along with that, the terms "nergo," "nigger," and "nigga." ... Individuals, mainly African-Americans must consciously stop using the word "nigga" and eliminate it from their everyday language. No matter how you think of yourself, whe...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As proven in the later years of the National party, the ideologies of apartheid were continually being abandoned in the name of siding with business practices for economic prosperity in spite of the conflicts it posed with apartheid's goal of completely separating races. ... This assertion within the Moodley and Heribert text gives insight into the delusions of the National Party during this era. ... The National Party could not have alleviated the myriad of problems it had without causing total destruction to the "system " it had built. ... "In March 1965, a delegation from " A Nationa...

• Word Count: 3701
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was the publishing of "Lyrics of Lowly Life" that had made Dunbar a national literary figure. ... America and Dunbar gained national praise for his dialect verses in some of his poetry. He was the first black American poet to gain this national praise, although white and black writers before him have used it also (Laryea 108). ... Just as was stated above he tries to recreate the Negro by words and language in his poem "Sympathy" such as the "caged bird". ...

• Word Count: 1623
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

Most women between the ages of 25 to 44 are in childbearing years, and thirty to fifty percent of them (blacks) are misdiagnosed because of cultural barriers, language, trust, and values between doctor an patient (NMHA 2). The National Mental Health Association has recorded that 63% of African American believe that depression is a personal weakness, 31% believed it is a health problem, 30% could handle it themselves, and 20% would seek help from friends and family. ... The rate of depression African American women is 50% higher among white women although, 25% of blacks account for mental hea...

• Word Count: 2505
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

African American men and women, along with whites, organized and led the movement at national and local levels. ... In Atlanta, Ga., as a national organization presided over by a local black minister, Martin Luther King, Jr. ... • Evaluation Throughout the letter, King uses peaceful language and religious imagery to argue his points. ...

• Word Count: 1513
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

It also called for a national monument and memorial as lasting reminders of the centuries-long institution of slavery (July 30th, 2001)."" ... They couldn't keep their culture because there are so many different tribes in Africa and they all spoke different languages, and when they were all mashed together in America how could they communicate? ...

• Word Count: 1057
• Approx Pages: 4

It's language is explicit: "No State shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." ... The National Merit Scholarship has one standard for African Americans, and one for the rest of the applicants. ...

• Word Count: 1239
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Claude McKay's volume of poetry, Harlem Shadows (1922) became one of the first works by a black writer to be published by a national publisher. ... She is noted for her metaphorical language, her story-telling abilities, and her interest in and celebration of Southern black culture in the United States, and this is shown in her best-known novel Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) (Miers 143). ...

• Word Count: 925
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

Giovanni's Room and Another Country "featured characters struggling to define sexual, racial, and national identities, and the matter-of-fact depictions of gay relationships in both books surprised many readers" (ht! ...

• Word Count: 2618
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Abstract Hip-Hop has long been demonized for its militant language and outlawed narrative as a part of American society. ... Its primary language is African American Vernacular English 2. ... (National Center for Education Statistics, 1998). ...

• Word Count: 1971
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

First, in 1922 Claude McKay was the first black writer that published a volume of poetry "Harlem Shadows" by a mainstream national publisher. ... Johnson of the national Urban League made a dinner to get to know the new literary talent in the black community and to bring together the black writers with New York's white literary organizations. ... Morison explains that the main viewpoint is "cultural distinction" and the difference in language and the way it is portrayed. ...

• Word Count: 2368
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

One of the biggest goals was to insure national security, but with this goal came disputes with European colonial powers. ... The government's role expanded for example the 16th Amendment (income tax), the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) and The Federal Reserve Act (to supervise banking and provide national currency) was established. ...

• Word Count: 2136
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

On September 2, the night before the first day of school, Governor Faubus announced that he had ordered the Arkansas National Guard to monitor the school the next day. When a group of nine black students arrived at Central High on September 3, they were barred from entering by the National Guardsmen. ... Finally, President Eisenhower ordered 1,000 paratroopers and 10,000 National Guardsmen to Little Rock, and on September 25, Central High School was desegregated. ...

• Word Count: 6633
• Approx Pages: 27

In both riots, gender and intersectional politics were both evident in the nature of the riots and in the discourse and language employed by rioters and the media. ... Birbalsingh in the national press took to task those who had sought to avoid such political discourse in the context of the London riots, arguing that they were indeed 'about race' and contending that it was strange that 'no one would say what colour Mark Duggan was. ...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Around 1650 unified songs began to develop in the slave communities (mainly due to their learning of the English language). ... Blues was the first African American style to be not only recorded but also played on national radio. ... Ragtime became nationally popular fast because black pianist first really performed their, "Rags," (Ragtime compositions) at the Chicago World's Fair (1893). ...

• Word Count: 4223
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

English was the language to be learned by thousands of new immigrants such as the Germans, Mediterraneans, Eastern Europeans, Asians, and Africans (although for hundreds of years, Africans were not really counted as citizens). ...

• Word Count: 4261
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

A new race-neutral language was developed to appeal to old racist sentiments and was accompanied by a new political movement that vied for "law and order" instead of "segregation forever.... Unfortunately, at the same time, the FBI was reporting dramatic increases in the national crime rate. ... As a result, the budget for the National Institute on Drug Abuse was reduced from $274 million to $57 million from 1981 to 1984, and the Department of Education's budget was reduced from $14 million to $3 million. ...

• Word Count: 4144
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

State troopers attacked a peaceful march of black protesters, causing not only unjust bloodshed, but also enabled national exposure to the plight of black Americans everywhere. ... Blacks in the military were subject to "unequal punishment, offensive and inflammatory language, prejudice in assignment of details, [ ] harassment by security police under orders to break up five or more blacks in a group and double standards in enforcement of regulation" (Jackson). ...

• Word Count: 2386
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Each group has had their own unique languages, familial relationships, social relations, music and dance traditions, they have shared many common experiences over the past 400 years (Grim, 1995).This paper will compare the cultures and histories of African American and Native American people and their long and often bloody interactions with the white majority in America. ... For blacks it was 3/5 of that amount, or $38,409 (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, 2012).Information for the National income rate for Native Americans is not directly given by the US Census Bureau, but according to one sour...

• Word Count: 2111
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(www.nytimes.com) Hughes's two volumes of autobiography together with his essay about his involvement with the National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.) and the Civil Rights Movement, Fight For Freedom, chart Hughes's long commitment to comradeship and equality. ... Critics have mistaken the simple form of language of Hughes's poetry for shortage of meaning. ...

• Word Count: 2112
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School