... social or psychological purposes is to ignore that fact that in most cases commission of criminal acts is governed by the proximity, ease, and convenience of reward. "In short, crime is an ill-conceived mechanism for the redistribution of wealth or for the extraction of revenge ... seems to underestimate the negative effect of crime upon the community in his attempt to prove discrimination. This is clear in his claim that longer punishments for possession of crack than for powdered cocaine are evidence of discrimination. The issue is summarized quite well by Kate Stith: While ... Butle...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... – above peace, above abolition, above property rights, and even above the constitution.5" Other ulterior motives are suggested by Hutchins who believes the Emancipation Proclamation "helped ease the Union army's shortage of soldiers6" and Chambers who believes it favoured "helping the Union sustain itself domestically and internationally.7" Neither historians suggest the Emancipation proclamation ... during the Reconstruction era as the introduction of Black Codes severely limited progress towards effective equality. Whilst the Black Codes stopped African-Americans gaining effecti...

• Word Count: 3529
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and an activist against slavery. Due to Frederick Douglass" intellect, ability to speak, and his education level, people had a hard time believing that he was, at one time, a slave. He was a widely recognized speaker, and he was one of the first slaves to write their own autobiography. This was very uncommon for ... and immediately turned them both under me (Smith, 19-20)" It was at this time that Smith retaliated in order to protect his own life. After two men restrained him, he was handcuffed. This seemed to bring joy and ease to his master's wife. He remained this way for about four t...

• Word Count: 2908
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... targeting African Americans. Astonishingly, the numbers show that 54 percent of African Americans believed that the disease is a form of genocide aimed particularly at African Americans. Similar research done in Louisiana by Parsons et al (1999) provides statistics that do not fair to go better. Twenty- ... There is a possibility that the virus was produced to limit the number of African people or people of color in the world who are no longer needed."" Justice, who is researching AIDS, believes that the melanin in African Americans makes them more susceptible to the disease (Grisby Bates...

• Word Count: 9660
• Approx Pages: 39
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School