... it will come under if challenged. In every court case where reverse discrimination was challenged, the Petitioner bears the burden of proving that the Agency's Plan violates Title VII. Once a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case that race or sex has been taken into account in an employer's employment decision, the burden shifts to the employer to articulate ... justification is pretextual. As long as these guidelines are followed and the plan is valid and legal, hiring based on sex, race or creed is legal. The future if affirmative action is may be unpredictable. Those who deplore af...

• Word Count: 2301
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the evidence was not disclosed to the defense, making it more difficult in their trial. Although, the court did do its job once it learned that evidence had been mishandled and the eyewitnesses were not reliable. Once this was found out the court decided to over turn Cousin's death sentence and did not attempt to pursue the case any further. I do ... the death penalty, while 38% say they oppose it. The death penalty with always be a cautious topic in the criminal justice system. It will also probably be changed more than once in the future. I think it is necessary, but not for juveni...

• Word Count: 1380
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... cellular division, until it reaches its destination in the uterus. The zygote continues the division process for two weeks until it develops into a blastocyst and implants into the uterine wall. Once implanted the unborn entity is known as an embryo. A heartbeat is now present and during the next few weeks organ systems begin to develop and the embryo begins to take ... an abortion is the deliberate killing of a human being. Liberals feel that a fetus is not yet human, but only an entity of cells; it has no hopes or dreams, or future until birth. Conservatives feel that abortion sets a ...

• Word Count: 1775
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . [12] After this Supreme Court ruling, many States began recognizing the responsibility Roe v. Wade had administered to them. In State v. Horne, the Supreme Court of South Carolina held that any future "action for homicide based on killing an unborn child may be maintained." [8] Because the law could not be enforced retroactively, Horne simply got away with intentionally killing a baby in its ... science allows half of all premature babies between 23 - 24 weeks gestation to survive. [28] Dr. Wright testified that "in 25 years, we have gone from a practice in which infants once thought t...

• Word Count: 1624
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in safer usage. It is known, for instance, that other, more dangerous drugs, have caused many of the deaths linked to ecstasy. (www.csdp.org/factbook/ecstasy.htm) In the future, such scenarios can be virtually eliminated. Another safety issue surrounding drug usage is the spread of diseases, such as AIDS, through injection drug use. According to a study in 1996 "Drug ... even be performing less than other employees. (www.csdp.org/factbook/drugtest.htm) Civil rights loss, through increased intrusion into our lives is being pioneered by the war on drugs. Once used in only the direst of ci...

• Word Count: 2317
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... necessary to stop the threat. This concept is known as preclusion and it is one of the most important concepts to understand when dealing with the use of deadly force. Once an officer has established preclusion, or immediately escalated by realizing the threat meets the requirements to respond with deadly force, he or she must now focus on target requirements. Target ... requirements consist of three areas; target acquisition, target identification, and target isolation. Target acquisition means that you have acquired a target to shoot at. Once you have acquired your target, you must id...

• Word Count: 1409
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the article and said that the ad injured his reputation, even though no one was ever named in the article. Sullivan won the case initially, but the ruling was overturned once the case reached the Supreme Court. The court decided that there was no intent to personally injure Sullivan's reputation, that it was simply an advertisement supporting Dr. King Jr. (Hickey ... accurate, but the words were "within the breathing space that gives life to the First Amendment (p.56)." This case may have occurred in 1984, but it helps to once again set precedent for future cases. The Consumers Union de...

• Word Count: 2026
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... ' of north latitude. At this time the issue of slavery was a major concern. The Mexican War provided the United States with a lot of new territory, and the question of the future of slavery in the territories was on everyone's mind. The people of the North who were against slavery wanted Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories. John C. Calhoun, the spokesman ... Dred as his property. Sanford said that even though Dred Scott had been in territories that prohibited slavery, his voluntary return to St. Louis, a slave bearing state, made him a slave once again. In the retrial Scott p...

• Word Count: 2088
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... the age of ten John's father moved his family 30 miles to the town of Blue Ridge Mountains. Long before John had any real voice in the path of his future career, both John and his mother decided that he was to become a lawyer. It was because of this dream that the Marshall's filled their house with many books. While most ... becoming a lawyer. It is said that Marshall took a philosophy class taught by Madison. Marshall was admitted to the bar in 1780 and began to practice in the western United States. Once Marshall was admitted to the bar, he joined the ranks of the Continental Army alo...

• Word Count: 1644
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... opened. It remained open until June, 1964, when the county was forced to operate public schools again. Little Rock, Arkansas, was the site of a confrontation of major significance to the future of changing racial attitudes. The whole world read about the 15 year old Black child who was turned away from the Little Rock Central High School by the National Guardsmen ... black students arrived at school on September 3, 1957 the National Guardsmen prevented them from entering the school. On September 20th judge Davies granted an injunction against the Governor's orders. But once again mobs o...

• Word Count: 2435
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... the control of their (former) "masters". With unfair trade practices and a limited amount of capital being exchanged, the blacks in the South were not free to do as they pleased; once again they were caught in a system that profited the white Southerners. These whites also expressed their extreme racist tendencies through the acts of violence by the Klu Klux Klan. The ... Negroes and to ensure that a white, democratic control continued in the South. (Woodward, 71) Since the late 1860's, Southern states had attempted to remove the franchise from the black citizens. Once more, they were a...

• Word Count: 1530
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... federal government as well as the states" statutes pertaining to capital punishment, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was no longer unconstitutional in Gregg versus Georgia (Grant, 2004). Once capital punishment was reinstated, numerous legal precedents collectively set limitations on the implementation of capital sentencing. For example, in 1977 there was the Coker versus Georgia case that prohibited a capital ... innocent human beings, by carrying out the sentence of death, effectively assures us that this criminal will not commit another crime. The crimes he or she woul...

• Word Count: 2390
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... may be more fearful of the world around them, and 3) children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. These effects may be true, but once thing you would notice is that the research only states that it may affect the youths. That means, that it is their own choice to allow the media to influence ... minors could access those materials. Ironically, in 1997, Supreme Court stated that the Act restrained too much protected adult speech and decided unconstitutional. Censorship has once failed, and I believe that it will keep failing in the future. Although I...

• Word Count: 1394
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the age of ten John's father moved his family 30 miles to the town of Blue Ridge Mountains. Long before John had any real voice in the path of his future career, both John and his mother decided that he was to become a lawyer. It was because of this dream that the Marshall's filled their house with many books. While most ... becoming a lawyer. It is said that Marshall took a philosophy class taught by Madison. Marshall was admitted to the bar in 1780 and began to practice in the western United States. Once Marshall was admitted to the bar, he joined the ranks of the Continental Army alo...

• Word Count: 1555
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... feel that the need for Affirmative Action is still prevalent in our country. In fact, the Supreme Court's decision in Fisher v. University of Texas, which promised a definitive judgment on the future of affirmative action in the Roberts court era, simply recommended some minute reforms to Affirmative Action, yet it was upheld as a whole[Cor14]. This decision allowed the University to continue ... to become a much more level playing field. Some might argue that, because of the existence of things like Affirmative Action, the pendulum has shifted to the opposite of what it once was. Some ...

• Word Count: 2365
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , The Federalists and Anti-Federalists. The Federalists wanted the Constitution. Anti-Federalists' wanted amendments added to the Constitution. So they made the Bill of Rights. They knew that in the future we would have to add more amendments. The Constitution was made on September 17, 1787. It was ratified on June 21, 1788. This document is the supreme law of the ... in a political campaign. The voting was 5 to 4 for not fining a political candidate. Freedom of speech is the right to freely express yourself- including all types of expression. This right was once only for the rich and po...

• Word Count: 2212
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... indicated that mere negligent or innocent mistakes were not subject to this type of review. Further, false statements by someone other than the affiant cannot be challenged using this case. Once a prima facie case has been made, the disputed material is set aside. If the remaining content still establishes probable cause, then the warrant stands, and there is no further inquiry ... to know the informants "basis of knowledge" to see if the tip is "reliable," with this new standard, the fact that the informant was able to predicted future behavior which could be independently corroborated...

• Word Count: 1545
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... remains a highly debated subject. The U.S. Supreme Court has approved roadblocks detaining law-abiding drivers, random drug tests for middle-school athletes and other intrusive searches violating our bodies and property. Once considered one of the most important parts of the Constitution, recent court decisions and judges ruling have weakened the rights it supposedly guarantees. Especially since the tragedies of September 11 ... loosened their stance on the Fourth Amendment and invaded our privacy beyond the necessity of safety. As hard as is it for me to admit, being a Criminal Justice...

• Word Count: 1443
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that the act of sodomy is harmful to others because if exposed to homosexuality, one might be induced to follow the path. The expansion of the right to privacy was once again brought to the forefront in 1972, when Eisenstadt v. Baird went to the Supreme Court over the right of unmarried couples to use contraceptives. The still controversial case happened in ... not in its controversy, but in the fact that everyone is granted the same rights and freedoms through our Constitution. These laws that set precedents establish a new foundation for our future generations to live in a diverse, bu...

• Word Count: 1942
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... insufficient and overexpansive. In the absence of particularized findings, a court could uphold remedies that are ageless in their reach into the past, and timeless in their ability to affect the future." In other words, when do we draw the line and say that our country has met the internal order of racial and ethnical equality? Could racial minorities forever retreat back ... Wisconsin 10th Graders Black Wisconsin 10th Graders Reading 17,588 192 Math 5,811 26 Science 6,088 36 Social studies 19,118 209 Total 69,660 5,011 This study showed that once eligibility was taken into considerati...

• Word Count: 1573
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... leaders are on a secular path leaving any divine or dogmatic avenues behind. Our capitalistic political system operates on money and always seeks resolutions that are driven by the possibility of future monetary profit with little regard to current costs. Our current answer to the crime problem is to simply build more prisons to lock-up the growing number of offenders. The ... "Prison Industrial Complex". This PIC is thriving on the great profits that can be made by locking people up. Privatization of prisons has created another motive for incarceration. Where we once complained that we...

• Word Count: 2156
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in an open bank would be almost like giving your money away because nobody knew when the next bank was going to close. The people in America needed immediate relief. A once strong and prosperous country had been reduced to a country living in poverty and grief. The Americans were not used to this type of life style and they were not prepared ... would help both working men and farmers. Because of the disastrous consequences that the depression had, welfare schemes were needed as a backup which would prevent and cushion' the effects of future depressions. In the early 1930s, America was ...

• Word Count: 2194
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... but it can be unnerving to think that it was based on the fact he did not want to disrupt the union of the Justices. Justice Brennan's majority opinion outlined, once again what the 1st Amendment means in the consitiution. He favored in the side of New York Times because this case would have ultimately limited the freedom of the free ... malice. For pubic figures and officials, when stepping in the limelight they are stepping into the public's right to criticize and in this case make fun of. "For the foreseeable future, the constitutional law of libel would now rest on The New York Time...

• Word Count: 2487
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... of what the white population enjoyed. From 1955 to 1965, boycotts, sit-ins, demonstrations, marches, and neighborhood-organized protests drew the colored community together and raised their expectations for the future. One of the first and most successful demonstrations started on December 1, 1955 by a single weary woman simply trying to get home from work at the end of a long day. Protest ... protest, it could be a success. The next morning he was pleasantly surprised when bus after empty bus rolled past his house. "A miracle had taken place," King would later write. "The once dormant ...

• Word Count: 2000
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , Hispanics will comprise 24 percent of the population, African-Americans 15 percent, and Asians and Pacific Islanders 9 percent. Spanish is the most common language after English. The workforce of the future will be made up of a multi-colored, multi-generational and at least one half female population. Women are comprising 2/3 of new entrants into the workforce compared to 15% of new ... the research according to which the lower earnings of gay men are consistent with discrimination. On the other hand gay women's income is higher than similarly qualified heterosexual women. That once ag...

• Word Count: 1626
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate