... years (usually between four and seven) in return for their transportation to America. The Massachusetts economy depended on marine trade and commerce. Unlike Virginia, Massachusetts had a lack of staple crops to exchange for English goods, but the success of their own shipping mercantile enterprises worked in their favor ... Indies. They also traded illegally with Spain, France, Portugal, Holland, and their colonies from America to the shores of Africa. Contrary to Virginia's slave ownership and indentured servants, the families in the Massachusetts colonies did most of the work themselv...

• Word Count: 646
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the Federalist's faults, John Adams, a federalist president, created a controversial act known as the Sedition Act of 1798. Outraged by the terms of this act, Kentucky and Virginia each passed their own Resolutions that would later be viewed as unpromising signals towards the future of nullification. The Sedition Act of 1798 was, according to Jeffersonians, a direct violation of ... powers. Therefore, Jefferson declared the Sedition Act void and nullified. A month later, James Madison, the father of the constitution, created a similar Resolution in Virginia. Madison's claims were qui...

• Word Count: 737
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

American Civil War Notes PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1860 - Democratic party unable to agree on a platform for a candidate; Northern Democrats stood for popular sovereinty (authority rests with the people) and the nominated Stephen Douglas. Southern ... ...

• Word Count: 954
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the Union," was not among the "... enumerated powers granted to Congress." the National Banking Act and the authorization of United States Notes by the Legal Tender Act of 1862. The Revenue Act of 1861 introduced the income tax to help finance the war. In December 1860 ... South regarded it as insufficient. Nonetheless, the remaining eight slave states rejected pleas to join the Confederacy following a two-to-one no-vote in Virginia's First Secessionist Convention on April 4, 1861. On March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as President. In his inaugural address, he argued ... $1...

• Word Count: 7511
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in the Union," was not among the "... enumerated powers granted to Congress." the National Banking Act and the authorization of United States Notes by the Legal Tender Act of 1862. The Revenue Act of 1861 introduced the income tax to help finance the war. In December 1860 ... South regarded it as insufficient. Nonetheless, the remaining eight slave states rejected pleas to join the Confederacy following a two-to-one no-vote in Virginia's First Secessionist Convention on April 4, 1861. On March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as President. In his inaugural address, he argued ... $...

• Word Count: 6922
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography

... , Robert E. Lee realized there was no choice but to surrender his Army to General Grant. After a series of notes between the two leaders, Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865 at the McLean House in the village of Appomattox Courthouse. The meeting lasted two and a half ... hours and most likely depicts the end of this Civil War. After Lee's withdrawal from Petersburg and Richmond, he tried to retreat to Lynchburg, Virginia to restock on provisions and supplies for his army. In front of Lee, Phil Sheridan's Union Calvary wreaked havoc with the retreat, while the ....

• Word Count: 1807
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... John Brown was a minister who was an active abolitionist. In 1859, he and twenty-two other men attacked the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown was caught and was sentenced to death. His raid only split ties between the North and South further. Many other abolitionists attacked the south before ... fun at all, that people die in wars. Meanwhile, Grant and his forces were pressing hard on Lee's troops in northern Virginia. Grant's determination finally showed through when the Union army finally passed through and went south of Richmond. There was a bloody standoff between fo...

• Word Count: 3729
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... Hope Franklin gives a primary example of the racism associated with the conservative Democratic party in his book Reconstruction: After the Civil War. An ex-Confederate army colonel from Virginia, R. E. Withers, successfully won the Virginia governorship after a hotly contested race in the early 1870s. He expressed the view of many southern Democrats when he stated the following: "I do not ask the support of ... upon their equal social status and economic condition, raised the banner of race."6 Racist southern Republicans realigned their political alliances with the Democratic party and...

• Word Count: 1549
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... mean to include African Americans. Another aspect of the Declaration, the section stating that "all men are created equal", was also interpreted very differently by pro-slavery parties. George Fitzhugh, a Virginia lawyer, believed, "The author of the Declaration may have, and probably did mean, that all men were created with an equal title to property"(242). Fitzhugh saw equality among men ... or shouldn't have been continued. This meant finding reasons why the two races were inevitably different and could not be placed in the same social status. Thomas Jefferson, in his "Notes on Virgi...

• Word Count: 1037
• Approx Pages: 4

... her life as a slave in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, she explains in great detail the pain and abuse she experiences as a slave. In Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia, he voices his opinions on slavery. Some of the incidents Harriet illustrates are considerably supportive of Jefferson's opinions, while other incidents are contradictory. Harriet Jacobs is born as ... . Since the niece is only three years old, Harriet's actual owner is the father, Dr. Flint. When Harriet is a young teenager, Dr. Flint begins to pervert her rights. He leaves notes for Harriet, which ...

• Word Count: 1085
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... states and the firing at Fort Sumter prompted Abraham Lincoln to call for volunteers to supperess the rebellion and in reaction Jefferson Davis called on volunteers. While the states of Virginia, Tennesee, North Carolina and Arkansas, disgusted at the idea of attacking their fellow southerners, seceded while Maryland, Missouri ,and Kentucky each declared a shakey neutrality. While Lincoln and his ... generals began to organize soliders and secure Maryland for operations agnist Virginia, Davis made Richmond ,Virginia his new capatal. From here he began to organize a government and the ar...

• Word Count: 4140
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... offered by his old commanding officer General Scott, Lee wrote back asking to not be in charge of troops fighting against his home state of Virginia. This lead to uproar by Scott, calling for Lee's resignation from the military. Following this, Lee sent in his resignation of 3command of ... later be promoted to full general. Lee's first position in the Confederacy would be to halt the Union advance on the western border of Virginia. Lee's first battle in which he led troops into battle under the Confederate flag would be at Cheat Mountain. Due to treacherous weather and ... of the firs...

• Word Count: 2042
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... time a Colonel of engineers for J.E.B. Stuart's staff, for the purposes of joining a cavalry company. Although Mosby in his own convictions had opposed Virginia's secession and often times sided with the Union views, he obliged Blackford and allowed his name to be added to the muster roll; however, ... of supporting the union yet enlisting with the confederacy. Enter April 1861. Mosby finally joins the ranks of his cavalry's company in Abingdon, Virginia at Martha Washington College. Herein lies his first action that I believe abides him to his commitment of the Confederacy and thus endin...

• Word Count: 1461
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... School based on reputation and skill in the military field. With Lee around the D.C. area, he was able to put down a rebellion in Harper Ferry, Virginia. Colonel Lee and his aid Lt. J.E.B. Stuart were brought in by train to capture radical abolitionist John Brown and his supporters. Although they did catch ... . Jefferson Davis was glad to accept Lee and gave him a position as a General. On June 1, 1862 Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia in the Confederate capital of Richmond. The Civil War: With Lee now in the Confederate Army, the War could go either way. His first as...

• Word Count: 1918
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... -in-Chief Winfield Scott to advance on the South before adequately training his untried troops. Scott ordered General Irvin McDowell to advance on Confederate troops stationed at Manassas Junction, Virginia, where near the Capital of South, Richmond. Then McDowell attacked in July 21, and was initially successful, but the introduction of Confederate reinforcements resulted in a Southern victory ... ' Campaign, almost defeating them; last-minute reinforcements saved the Union from a serious defeat. Confederate commander Joseph E. Johnston was severely wounded, and command of the Army of No...

• Word Count: 1641
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... The Ironclads The deafening sounds of bullets and cannon balls rikoshaing off of iron filled the surrounding air. Temperatures in both ships soared to an unbearable 120 degrees farenheight. The Virginia and the Monitor clashed with strength that was unrivaled by any other ship of the times. Ironclad vessels revolutionized naval warfare. They became the first, almost untouchable, ships to ever ... grace the water. These first ships to make this possible were given the names the "CSS Virginia" also known as " The Marymack" and "The Monitor". The Virginia was a confederate vessel. It was b...

• Word Count: 414
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... to allow himself to entertain a gloomy prospect. After his fifth such attempt ended without success, the grumbling started once again about his alleged problem with the bottle. Lincoln's response was classic, "If I knew what brand of whiskey he drinks, I would send a barrel or so to some other generals."" He then added " What I want, and what the people want, is a general who ... as he moved from west to east and in effect, cutting the confederacy in half. Grant would go with the Army of the Potomac as they pursued Lee's Army of Virginia. He would face an adversary like none he had ever...

• Word Count: 2065
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... assignment was to assist in the design and construction of a U.S. army fort in Georgia. After his mission in Georgia, he went back to his home state, Virginia. There he met a woman by the name of Mary Anne Custis. Eventually, after courting, they fell in love and got married. With training at West Point ... Robert saw that the issue of slavery was tearing the nation apart and he was scared. He didn't know what he would do if Virginia seceded from the nation. Would he stay loyal to the union or fight for the state he grew up in? The time came for him to ... late. Lee made his decision....

• Word Count: 773
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... . This tragedy gave many other African Americans a focus and the motivation to continue and for many the battle cries had become "Remember Fort Pillow!"24 The Battle of Market Heights, Virginia, became one of the most heroic engagements involving African Americans. On September 29, 1864, the African-American division of the Eighteenth Corps, after having been pinned down for by Confederate ... battle. They had shown the nation that they too could fight bravely and hold their ground. Because of this, their ability to fight as soldiers would never be questioned again. NOTES 1. John Fincher...

• Word Count: 2958
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... are stopping to pick berries and drink water too much. The Union Army finally met the Confederates 25 miles to southwest of Washington, near Manassas, Virginia. The Confederates 35,000 soldiers ran and attacked McDowell's and were losing. Then one of the soldiers saw General "Stonewall" Jackson with his army ... When they reached New Orleans on the 25th, the city surrendered. The other battle was called the Seven Days Battle. This battle occurred in Virginia on June 26, 1862. As McDowell's army fought General Jeb Stuart's, the Confederates failed to do an attack and they lost over 20,000...

• Word Count: 1222
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... a superintendent of West Point military academy. After that he joined the Army of the Confederacy of the southern states. In 1862 he received the command of the army of Northern Virginia, and won a seven day battle defending Richmond, Virginia, the confederate capital, against General McClellan's Union Forces. In 1863 Lee won victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, both in ... Virginia, and in 1864 at Cold Harbor, Virginia, but was besieged in Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864-April 1865. He surrendered to General Grant on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse. Following the w...

• Word Count: 943
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 1860. After South Carolina seceded, other states also broke from the Union, including Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas in January 1861; Virginia in April 1861; and Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina in May 1861. Missouri and Kentucky were also considered to be part of the Confederate States ... casualties. The Union Army of the Potomac was led by Major General George B. McClellan, while the Confederate commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was General Robert E. Lee. The battle took place during the Maryland Campaign and was the first time in the Civil...

• Word Count: 1740
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of the armory gatehouse. The next day, news of these events traveled swiftly, and armed citizen soldiery hurried from surrounding parts of Maryland and Virginia to fight against Brown. They quickly forced Brown and his men into the gatehouse, which the insurgents then proceeded to fortify, taking with them ... engaged in preparing to capture the United States works at Harper's Ferry. He avows that his object was the liberation of the slaves of Virginia and of the whole South, and acknowledges that he has been disappointed in his expectations of aid from the black as well as the ... he ...

• Word Count: 1858
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the armory gatehouse. The next day, news of these events traveled swiftly, and armed citizen soldiery hurried from surrounding parts of Maryland and Virginia to fight against Brown. They quickly forced Brown and his men into the gatehouse, which the insurgents then proceeded to fortify, taking with them ... engaged in preparing to capture the United States works at Harper's Ferry. He avows that his object was the liberation of the slaves of Virginia and of the whole South, and acknowledges that he has been disappointed in his expectations of aid from the black as well as the ... he ...

• Word Count: 1858
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... not recall how many victims his militia slaughtered. He also denies any knowledge of the insurrection in North Carolina, which happened around the same dates as the insurrection in Southampton, Virginia. John Hampden was in Southampton with Captain Harrison of the United States Army at the time of the Turner rebellion. He recalls that Nat Turner was the leader and originator ... the militia grew to 70 men, unlike Turner and Hampden's count of 40 to 50. There are several different opinions on the exact occurrences of the slave rebellion in Southampton, Virginia. Nat Turner has his opinio...

• Word Count: 785
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School