... , 1983, p27) Against this background, communication was seen as an indispensable tool for making the people of under-developed societies more modern. During the 1940's and 1950's, the dominant paradigm emphasized the need for rapid economic growth by means of industrialization. Heavy emphasis was placed on capital intensive technology and centralized planning. The communication scholars who were in favor of ... the only way in which less developed countries could progress was by emulating the industrially advanced countries and taking the same historical path they had travelled. (Beltran...

• Word Count: 8649
• Approx Pages: 35
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... his article recognizing that for post-development to be a socially effective tool depends on how we assess the current state of modernity. He posits that we are moving beyond the paradigm of modernity, both epistemologically and socially. Therefore, there is a need to move beyond the antiquated thinking in terms of the Euro-centric development and modernity. Jan Pieterse offers his ... of post-development recognized development as "a ruin in the intellectual landscape [that] shows cracks and is starting to crumble." Controversial, however, was the post-development rhetoric to shift from ...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

... commitment and support of all parties, especially the highest leadership and cooperation between government agencies, private sector, non-governmental organisations and the community. The willingness of all parties to accept a paradigm shift is the conditions to the success of the implementation of the National Policy on Women....

• Word Count: 2598
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate