1. Rene DesCartes and John Stuart Mill
... , even in matters of mathematical certainty. This theory fails because deceit is a matter of imperfection, therefore it would be impossible for a perfect entity to deceive us. DesCartes and many of the people with whom he shared correspondence were the leading epistemologists of the time, and are ... conceptual continuity did not originate from external sources then God must be a deceiver, but as he had already observed, this was absurd, as a perfect entity could not by nature be deceptive. From these premises DesCartes drew that material substance and the external world do in fact exist....
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- Grade Level: Undergraduate