... arrangements with the US, 5.4 tonnes of fuel- and reactor-grade plutonium crossed the Atlantic in return for HEU and tritium. 10 It is estimated that 4.1 tonnes were derived from pre-1971 civil reactor discharges, and 1.3 tonnes from Chapelcross and Calder Hall which may have been transferred in the 1980s. Most of the material has been used in US research facilities, notably the ... is located, is much less satisfactory. The extent to which their nuclear materials and facilities should be submitted to international verification has become controversial since the end of the Cold War. Mil...

• Word Count: 14040
• Approx Pages: 56
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was strengthened by this polarization of the two camps: The Alliance and The Entente. The various treaties thus "provided the framework within which the diplomacy of the pre-war years was conducted." Thirdly, Joll analyzed pre-war militarism and strategic planning. Germany, militaristic, had increased its naval program enough as to lead to "a radical change in British strategic thinking." The British were involved ... militarism was aiming at increasing the draft term, whereas the Russian military recovery from the 1905 loss to the Japanese was "alarming the Germans". All major powers ha...

• Word Count: 4114
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... beginning to acquire an industrial base. Its people, still largely illiterate, had no experience in political participation. In 1917, after a series of halfhearted reform measures and disastrous mismanagement of the war effort, the antiquated mechanism of czarist rule simply disintegrated and was swept away. It was succeeded, after a lengthy period of political upheaval, by the Bolshevik faction of Russian Marxism-later ... is about to collapse. The fact is that Communism is very much alive. Communism has not died, but it's main ideas have been absorbed into other political ideologies, ...

• Word Count: 6851
• Approx Pages: 27
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ; thus food, drink and tobacco lost 113,000 men, but gained 34,000 women; commerce and finance lost 555,000, but gained 449,000; and the Civil Service and Local Service lost 173,000 men, and gained 201,000 women. Between July 1914 and November 1918, a total net increase of nearly 1,200,000 ... and equipment and it supplied workers. Several thousand tractors were sent out but the distribution of land between pasture and the different crops reverted rapidly to the pre-war proportions and the crops of 1924-8 bore a remarkable similarity to the crops grown in 1909-13. Under the Corn Producti...

• Word Count: 2038
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

... easily. The League of Nations condemned Italy's action which was basically a slap on the wrist. In 1936, Mussolini joined with Hitler and formed the Rome-Berlin Axis. Also in 1936, Civil war brakes out in Spain. General Francisco Franco revolts against the established government of Spain. General Franco was backed by the Catholic Church and the large landowners of Spain. During this ... Civil War in Spain, The U.S. also backed General Franco because of the large population of catholic in the U.S. and that the established Government was being backed by Stalin and the Communist. The ... ...

• Word Count: 1004
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... iron & steel industry failed to exploit new appliances and production methods as extensively and rapidly as did its overseas competitors in the decades leading up to the First World War. Neither demand constraints, raw material costs, nor the efficiency of inherited practices warranted this neglect of innovations that others employed with profit, and the industry paid the ... background. Sons from industrial business backgrounds quickly disavowed them, and the public school became a breeding ground for army officers and civil servants, not engineers and entrepreneurs. `Oxbridge` fostered...

• Word Count: 3250
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a relatively favourable position, compared to its European neighbours. In 1946 industrial production was as high as at any time pre-war, and increasing quite fast. By the end of the year exports had regained their pre-war level along with this there was little unemployment and retail prices remained fairly stable. All this contrasted strongly with the situation in France, Germany and Italy. Indeed ... , and Churchill called for the United States, the USSR and Britain to be "friends and sponsors" of a new Europe, underlying the idea that Britain felt superior to Europe. Initially post war...

• Word Count: 1214
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

TASK 1 - Introduction Sport has developed over time from the original Olympics in Ancient Greece to the adaptation of the mob games in pre-industrial revolution Britain. These changes have come about from influences from the media, politics and other countries and cultures. The first section ... Chinese cities, such as Hong Kong. This political stance stopped any influence from the western society not just in regards to sport. Due to the civil war, after the Japanese invasion and occupation, between Mao Zedong and his communist forces and the nationalist forces of Chiang Kaishek in 1945 - 49,...

• Word Count: 2621
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Throughout the period of 1917 to 1941 the majority of the many changes in soviet foreign policy were not results of pre-determined ideology, but rather a pragmatism that resulted from the varying situations. It can be seen that the Bolsheviks, although conclusive in their thoughts often determined their philosophy was not always ... discontinued the attacks on democratic socialists to gain the support of the bourgeois class in France and Britain, however he did this for national interests rather then ideology. The Spanish civil war caused uncertainties for the Soviet Union as they were unabl...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... people, still largely illiterate, had no experience in political participation. In 1917, after a series of halfhearted reform measures and disastrous mismanagement of the war effort, the antiquated mechanism of czarist rule simply disintegrated and was swept away. It was succeeded, after a lengthy period of political upheaval, by ... ). The task was ambitious, the obstacles were formidable, and there was no time to waste "particularly after the disastrous interruption of World War II. The Soviet leadership, therefore, was ruthless in marshaling all available human and material resources...

• Word Count: 2983
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate