... to ask librarians for information about their users' reading habits and Internet searches without probable cause or search warrants. Has this act upset the balance between national security and protection of individual rights? Both sides must be seen to make a proper judgment. "Our nation is involved in a world ... safety. "I believe that the personal freedoms that set this country apart from all others have been eroding since the 1970s, and the Patriot Act is a quantum leap down the same path. The scariest part is that so many people seem to agree with it! The McCarthy era has ... left...

• Word Count: 654
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... disputable, the extent to which their protections extend is a topic of great controversy. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the constitutional protection of criminal defendants was greatly augmented by the Supreme Court headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren through a series of rulings. (Schwarz, 2003, ... permission to search a location and find incriminating evidence, then the evidence is admissible (Ely, 1996, 229-230). The Right to Equal Protection Under the Law The Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the Constitution attempt to protect the defendant from the tyranny of the gover...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (Ferdico 90-10). This guarantees citizens of The United States a reasonable expectation of privacy for private belongings and protection against harassment from government officials invading personal property without a search warrant. A solid justification supported by the totality of circumstances is required to obtain a search warrant on a citizen. ... liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The Bill of Rights was created to protect citizens f...

• Word Count: 1446
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . United States authorities can browse medical, financial, educational and library records without showing evidence of a crime ever being committed. The Patriot Act also overrides the existing state and federal privacy laws, so long as the FBI claims the information is connected to an intelligence investigation. ... of security. Acting Assistant Attorney General Jamie Brown stated in a report that anti- terrorism measures enacted after Sept. 11, including the USA Patriot Act and new prosecution guidelines from Attorney General John Ashcroft, have played an extremely important role in disr...

• Word Count: 1886
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... speak their mind or participate in activities of which the government may not approve. According to the American Civil Liberties Union's former president, Norman Dorsen, "The Patriot Act provides the government with the authority to prosecute individuals especially those who sympathize with 'terrorist' groups" (Masci). In addition, expanded government surveillance allows the FBI to demand ... thought police," because they are given the right to detain these alleged "terrorists," and even press charges based solely on one's beliefs (PFAW). The Patriot Act also infringes upon the protection...

• Word Count: 1410
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the attack, an overnight revision of the nation's surveillance laws. Its formal name is the "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act." Its stated purpose is "to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes." The ... government doesn't need to make any showing to the court that the particular information or communication to be acquired is relevant to a criminal investigation. Many of provisions discard the legal pro...

• Word Count: 1903
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... rights found in the Bill of Rights, that include the First, Third, Fourth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. The Amendments are rights of ours that should be carried out by equal protection right and due process of the Fourteenth Amendment. A Nebraska federal judge questioned the law's constitutionality and even issued a limited temporary restraining order against it. The U.S. District Judge Richard Kopf said ... do something with their own body, they have the right to since it is their body and not the government's body. So with the signing of the Partial Birth Abortion Act it definite...

• Word Count: 352
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School

... who spoke their language. The issue at hand was whether or not the rights of immigrant children and youth were being violated under the equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Decision, Lau v. Nichols The Supreme Court unanimously favored Lau and found that, rather than violating the Equal Rights Clause of the Fourteenth ... . They also, "dealt directly with segregation and ruled that even if tangible factors like facilities, teachers and supplies were equal, separation itself was inherently unequal and a violation of the equal protecti...

• Word Count: 2227
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

... teaching on marriage-the conjugal and sacred union being between a man and a woman. "In January, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a mandate under the Affordable Care Act (also known as "Obamacare") that requires all employer health plans to provide free contraceptives, sterilizations and abortion-inducing drugs, regardless of any moral or religious objections" (HHS ... by homosexuals and gay rights lobbyist. On June 26, 2013, in the United States v. Windsor case, Justice Kennedy argued the opinion of the court that the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), w...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

... to both the state of Tennessee and twenty five individual counties contending that the operation of courthouses inaccessible to individuals with disabilities is in violation of Title II of said act. Lane is seeking 100,000 dollars in damages for humiliation and embarrassment. Beverly Jones is demanding 250,000 dollars in reparations for humiliation, embarrassment, and lost income ( ... violation versus the congressional legislation in place to combat it. The test itself is preformed first by identifying the constitutional right in question. In Garrett, the issue was equal protection. Sec...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10

... keep, and bear arms, to defend our property, and most importantly ourselves. However, guns haven't always been used to protect people. The fight started when criminals turned to guns to act out criminal activities. Anti-gun activists claim guns only lead to an increase in criminal activity. They also claim guns can cause serious bodily harm. In my opinion, it is ... by a concern for public safety. Although there are many safety reasons why the ownership of guns should be prohibited, these arguments are more important, not only by the need for protection, but because the restriction of o...

• Word Count: 2456
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Deland, Gary, Gallaher, Sharon, and Bowker, Gary.) Although prisoners do not have full Constitutional rights they are protected by the Constitution's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. This protection requires that prisoners be afforded a minimum standard of living. Prisoners retain some other Constitutional rights including due process in their right to administrative appeals and a right of access to the ... from "pat-down searching" them. The 9th Federal Court of Appeals recognized that female inmates, as a class, have experienced significant sexual abuse and they are therefo...

• Word Count: 2215
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Deland, Gary, Gallaher, Sharon, and Bowker, Gary.) Although prisoners do not have full Constitutional rights they are protected by the Constitution's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. This protection requires that prisoners be afforded a minimum standard of living. Prisoners retain some other Constitutional rights including due process in their right to administrative appeals and a right of access to the ... from "pat-down searching" them. The 9th Federal Court of Appeals recognized that female inmates, as a class, have experienced significant sexual abuse and they are therefo...

• Word Count: 3147
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... periods of times when this amendment has been set aside. The intervals are sedition acts and wartime censorship. The Sedition Act of 1798 gave federal authorities the privilege to bring to trial anybody suspected of plotting against the federal government. This act stopped legitimate political discussion, and was criticized for this reason. People who spoke against the government either bowed to the ... pressure or were punished because of this act. This act expired in the 1800s and was not renewed. Reparations were given to its victims, based on the opinion that they were coherent to t...

• Word Count: 2064
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

... periods of times when this amendment has been set aside. The intervals are sedition acts and wartime censorship. The Sedition Act of 1798 gave federal authorities the privilege to bring to trial anybody suspected of plotting against the federal government. This act stopped legitimate political discussion, and was criticized for this reason. People who spoke against the government either bowed to the ... pressure or were punished because of this act. This act expired in the 1800s and was not renewed. Reparations were given to its victims, based on the opinion that they were coherent to t...

• Word Count: 2212
• Approx Pages: 9

... order to protect the state from litigation in its own courts, and subsequently from some regulation by Congress. The decision, however, does not leave these state employees completely without protection under federal labor law (States'). State employees may still appeal to federal agencies, which remain free under the decision to take the states to court. Prior to Condon v. ... struggle of the federalism ideologies in Condon v. Reno. Condon was originally brought to the U.S. Supreme Court by South Carolina Attorney General Charlie Condon on grounds that the Driver's Policy Protection Act...

• Word Count: 5600
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... founding fathers would have of made the same decisions concerning the Constitution. These ideas are due to previous events such as the Stamp Act, the Boston Massacre, and the Boston Tea Party. Another critical contributing factor would be the historical documents such as the Magna Carta, ... constitution in any way would have to be the trial by jury and due process. The second thing being protection against the taking of life, liberty or process. I believe the "protection against the taking of life, liberty or process was a major factor into the establishing out constitution. In ... was...

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8

... founding fathers would have of made the same decisions concerning the Constitution. These ideas are due to previous events such as the Stamp Act, the Boston Massacre, and the Boston Tea Party. Another critical contributing factor would be the historical documents such as the Magna Carta, ... constitution in any way would have to be the trial by jury and due process. The second thing being protection against the taking of life, liberty or process. I believe the "protection against the taking of life, liberty or process was a major factor into the establishing out constitution. In ... was...

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8

... founding fathers would have of made the same decisions concerning the Constitution. These ideas are due to previous events such as the Stamp Act, the Boston Massacre, and the Boston Tea Party. Another critical contributing factor would be the historical documents such as the Magna Carta, ... constitution in any way would have to be the trial by jury and due process. The second thing being protection against the taking of life, liberty or process. I believe the "protection against the taking of life, liberty or process was a major factor into the establishing out constitution. In ... was...

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8

... it is too broad to admit of a short definition that embraces every situation, and that any definition must depend on the relation a particular act bears to the fundamental law that limits legislative power. A specific and well known quote by Judge Thomas Cooley stated that "due process of ... a private life,' . . . , our distrust of self- deprecatory statement; and our realization that the privilege, while sometimes 'a shelter to the guilty,' is often 'a protection to the innocent'' Murphy v. Waterfront Comm'n, 378 U.S. 52, 55 (1954) (Environmental, 2003). Continuing on the ever winding ...

• Word Count: 3780
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... is still debated to this day in many public forums as well as in the courts of the United States. The protection granted by Freedom of Speech have some limitations and restrictions. These limitations and/or restrictions include that Freedom of Speech ... ruled that the threat of a Communist revolution was too great to allow First Amendment protection. However, the political climate changed and judicial limitations were placed on the Smith Act. The Courts stated that the violent overthrow of the government in an abstract or philosophical ... sense but not advocating the violation of any...

• Word Count: 1576
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a gun can be a valid and efficient method of self-defense. (Source 7) Guns have been used for hundreds of years as a means of protection. Also there is little empirical evidence that gun control is an effective deterrent against crime. (Source 5) The right to bear arms originated and is ... be infringed." (Source 8) This amendment was placed in the constitution for a reason. When guns are used properly they provide a good source of protection and self-defense for people who can't defend themselves. Every law abiding American citizen has the right and the duty to protect oneself and one ....

• Word Count: 735
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... attain the Heavyweight Championship. The Beatles were topping the charts with "A Hard Day's Night". But most importantly, congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law intended intended to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin. It is generally considered the most ... of speech". The Supreme Court ruled that, according to the Constitution, the framers did not want any amendments to impose on the states protection of the freedom of speech. It is for this reason I believe the court wasruling in an interpretivist manner. They saw what was ... indict...

• Word Count: 2444
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... come with numerous challenges over the past centuries. What is thought of as "probably the most important and the most satisfactory Act ever passed by Congress," the Judiciary Act of 1789 created for the people a system of courts that would ensure the presence of justice in the new American society. ... states from "flying off" and establishing a Union of their own was the most important goal of the Court after the initiation of the Judiciary Act of 1789 and the greatest illustration of this came from Chisholm v. Georgia in 1793. It was in this suit that two citizens of South ... a stron...

• Word Count: 4341
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the Bush administration added an entirely new cabinet established as the "United States Department of Homeland Security." This policy went effective on November 25, 2002. Both USA PATRIOT Act and the Homeland security act were direct responses to the atrocities that happened that dreadful day on September 11, 2001. In policy analysis it's wise to understand the reason why a policy is constructed ... annulled by a government insist that the government needed control over its citizens. This dissolution of liberties foretells that we are headed towards a totalitarian state. Unfortunately bo...

• Word Count: 1630
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate