... student discipline under the appearance of medical procedure." Attempts to pretest athletes raise the issue of whether extracurricular activities are rights or privileges However, In Schail v. Tippecanoe County School Corporation, a federal district court ruled that a drug analysis program for student athletes was justified by the school's "legitimate need to ensure drug-free athletes" ... interest protected by the Fourteenth Amendment--especially since the testing program preserved confidentiality, lacked criminal repercussions, and prohibited sports participation only after repeated ...

• Word Count: 1422
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to be of interest is titled "Feds back Minnesota staffers" complaint," written by Norman Oder. The article "Feds back Minnesota staffers" complaint" is about twelve staffers at the Minneapolis Public Library who claim that exposure to a great deal of porn browsing by patrons constitutes a hostile environment at work. This is considered sexual harassment. The claims by the twelve staffers at the ... this action is best suited to preserve the public's resources and First Amendment interests, while continuing the library board's practice of addressing any concerns of its employees." The la...

• Word Count: 370
• Approx Pages: 1

... to be of interest is titled "Feds back Minnesota staffers" complaint," written by Norman Oder. The article "Feds back Minnesota staffers" complaint" is about twelve staffers at the Minneapolis Public Library who claim that exposure to a great deal of porn browsing by patrons constitutes a hostile environment at work. This is considered sexual harassment. The claims by the twelve staffers at the ... this action is best suited to preserve the public's resources and First Amendment interests, while continuing the library board's practice of addressing any concerns of its employees." The la...

• Word Count: 370
• Approx Pages: 1

... amendment. Why is it then, that every Wednesday a group of us gathered around the flagpole in front of my public high school, Boyle County, to pray? Not only that, but before school there was a bible study in the library and praise music in the cafeteria, in addition to the bi-weekly F.C.A. (Fellowship of Christian Athletes) meetings in the gym. And those are ... ...

• Word Count: 1306
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Gazette from 1729 to 1766. He also wrote and published Poor Richard's Almanac from 1733 until1758. Benjamin had many ideas for the improvement of Philadelphia. He formed the first circulating library in America, helped organize their fire department, and suggested ways to light streets, deepen the rivers, dispose of garbage, and keep people from slipping on ice. Sometimes his ideas turned ... . Braddock ignored his warning. As a result, the French and Indians ambushed the British. Meanwhile, Franklin raised volunteer colonial armies to defend frontier towns and supervised construction of...

• Word Count: 1625
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... other items under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act" (Talanian). This lets the FBI examine records from libraries and bookstores to see what a suspected terrorist has read or looked up on a library's computer. Not only does this endanger the public's exercising their rights to read a book or write an e-mail, but it also prevents ... library staff or booksellers to inform their patrons if the FBI has asked for their reading list (Talanian). The freedom to read any book of interest or search for information on ... , are posting signs telling patrons that FBI agents have the abili...

• Word Count: 2045
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... England to complete his education at the academy at Wakefield. He probably returned to Virginia in 1752. He then studied law OCCUPATION: Planter OFFICES HELD: Justice of the Peace, Westmoreland County, 1757; Delegate, Virginia House of Burgesses, 1758-1775; Delegate, Continental Congress, 1775-1779; Signer of the Declaration of Independence, 1776; Member, Virginia House of Delegates, 1777, 1780, ... burgesses met at the Raleigh Tavern to continue their discussions. Richard Henry Lee 1732-1794 Virginia House of Burgesses, Representing Virginia at the Continental Congress Born: January 2...

• Word Count: 1313
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... suspended driver's license. Mr. Lane, whose handicap prevented him from even getting to the courtroom which was located on an upper floor of a county building equipped with neither a ramp nor elevator, was forced to crawl up multiple flights of stairs in an attempt to be present at his arraignment. ... Following his arraignment Mr. Lane was denied participation in his own future court proceedings due to the county's refusal to accommodate his disability. He was not allowed access to the courtroom on his second visit to the courthouse for his hearing. ... information back and forth betw...

• Word Count: 2580
• Approx Pages: 10

... that information is filtered from adults who are protected from the first amendment? Some argue that filtering is necessary for the sake of children who can access the information at a library; however, some argue that children should have the same rights under the First Amendment that adults do. Just because someone is young does not mean that they are not entitled ... from around the world have access to all the same information. To regulate the Internet on that basis alone would be nearly impossible. The bill proposed on filtering school and library computers, Federal Bill HR 4577, s...

• Word Count: 1195
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . It has three judges elected to six-year terms. Voters in seven judicial districts elect district court judges to four-year terms. Each county has at least one magistrate. The Idaho Legislature held its first session in 1890. At that time the legislature was composed of 18 senators ... and 36 representatives. The state constitution was amended so each county had at least one Senator and one Representative. Currently reapportionment that occurs every 10 years determines the size of the Idaho Legislature. Until 1968 ... commissioner is elected to a four-year term. One of the commissioners...

• Word Count: 1848
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... permitted in consideration of this bill. The new law hits on every space that Americans once imagined was personal or private. United States authorities can browse medical, financial, educational and library records without showing evidence of a crime ever being committed. The Patriot Act also overrides the existing state and federal privacy laws, so long as the FBI claims the information is ... terrorism powers were actually being asked for as a way of increasing the government's authority in other areas," Edgar said. Before the patriot act was passed into law, "authorities could exami...

• Word Count: 1886
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... mixed race, therefore granting Mr. Kirby's annulment. In the Monks case (Estate of Monks, 4. Civ. 2835, Records of California Court of Appeals, Fourth district), the Superior Court of San Diego County in 1939 decided to invalidate the marriage of Marie Antoinette and Allan Monks because she was deemed to have "one eighth negro blood." The court case involved a legal challenge over ... because they were barred from marrying in their home state; the couple drove 90 miles north to Washington, D.C. to tie the knot and then returned to their home in Caroline County, Virginia. Five weeks af...

• Word Count: 1093
• Approx Pages: 4

... do his best to end segregation. After graduation (1933), Thurgood assisted Huston in the George Crawford case. George Crawford an Afro American man charge with murdering a white man in Loudon County, Virginia. Thurgood and Huston fought hard for George, but the jury found him guilty and gave him life in prison. Thurgood and Huston were happy because they saved an Afro ... do his best to end segregation. After graduation (1933), Thurgood assisted Huston in the George Crawford case. George Crawford an Afro American man charge with murdering a white man in Loudon County, Virginia. Thurgood...

• Word Count: 10466
• Approx Pages: 42
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Negro children and should be discontinued. This was the point that Thurgood Marshall set out to prove in this trial. Harry Briggs Jr. is a black child in a school in Clarendon County, South Carolina, whose teacher notices that he is falling asleep in class. Whenever his teacher investigates the cause of his tiredness he discovers that Harry has to walk many miles ... was the beginning of one of the most famous and important trials in history. Thurgood Marshall, a highly qualified attorney for the NAACP, is sent to help the people of Clarendon County. Because the teacher gets an extraord...

• Word Count: 887
• Approx Pages: 4

... reformers, did exist, although the social reformers had a hand in changing some of the more deplorable conditions of the time, including the treatment and confinement of young criminals. The Warwick County Asylum was instituted in 1818, was the result of the united endeavors and generous contributions of concerned, benevolent citizens. This asylum was available to criminal boys whom were placed where ... to save juveniles from crime through a regimented life style, education and training (Ibid, p. 307 -309). Juvenile Delinquency Statistics for Morgan County (1992), states, as of January...

• Word Count: 2997
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia to Augustine and Mary Ball Washington. His father was an enterprising planter and businessman. His mother was his father's second wife. Washington's early education and training focused mainly on ... a Continental Congress, which "coordinated the colonies resistance to British policies." In 1775, because Britain was angry with the colonists and George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia At the age of twenty-one, Washington was looking for glory and also an acknowledged posit...

• Word Count: 1069
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a tobacco plantation with his parents in Virginia. For a short while in his early childhood, Henry attended public school. After that he was tutored by his father, John Henry, a surveyor and county justice. Later in his life as a young man, Henry entered into a career of importing and exporting. His skill, however, proved to be somewhere other than business. He failed as a storekeeper ... marriage, Henry then turned his attention to the study of law. He received his license to practice law in 1760 and soon after acquired a large number of clients within his county. By 1770 Henry was spe...

• Word Count: 1385
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... by the board of directors of the State Colony hospital. After the hearing took place, they appealed to the Circuit Court of Amhurst County in the State of Virginia on April 22nd, 1927. The circuit court of the county considered the record of the board and the evidence before it and affirmed the decision of the hospital's board of directors. Carrie Buck ... to her general health, would be good to her welfare and that of society by her sterilization. Therefore, the Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the Circuit Court of Amhurst County, Virginia. Rationale: The Supreme Court used the r...

• Word Count: 884
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... family of Virginia and later Kentucky. Marshall was a well-educated man; he learned formal instruction from tutors and informal instruction from his parents. John Marshall learned politics through his family's library and their participation in local and state governments. At age nineteen, John was a popular lieutenant in a local militia. When the Continental army was formed, he joined serving with distinction. In ... ;The Unfinished Nation: a concise history of the American people" Alan Brinkley, Columbia University- Seventh edition. Vol. 1 Eshleman, Michael O. " John Marshall: The Chie...

• Word Count: 922
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... city life in Philadelphia. He is credited with helping to institute the fire department, paving department, street lights and the police department. He was instrumental in beginning the first circulating library and helped to begin the Academy of Education for Youth which later became The University of Pennsylvania. At this time Franklin began holding several small political offices. His passion for ... city could a group be attributed to the same thing "plans and institutions to deal with needs cooperatively." (World Biography 61) Franklin directed the Junto in sponsoring civic improve...

• Word Count: 1989
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

... are found on the shelves of school libraries and that are taught in the classrooms. These unjustified challenges have resulted in school boards actually pulling selected books and materials from library shelves and taking them out of the educational curriculum. The decision to censor the material that students have access to has caused an upset in parents, as well as other ... Amendment implies that citizens have a right to consume any work of literature that is produced. Without this underlying concept, the freedom to produce a work of ideas is worthless. The American Library Associati...

• Word Count: 1183
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... required for a warrant to be issued. However, now under the USA Patriot "probable cause" has lost much of the power it used to carry. Under the fourth amendment citizens and library patrons were protected, but by using the Patriot Act federal officials can now seize records by simply stating they are pertinent to an ongoing investigation into terrorism or espionage. FISA ... from the FBI. This proves that the FBI is in fact exercising its newfound powers; however, it is impossible to tell if they are in violation of the fourth amendment. (Library Records Post-Patriot Act (Federal Law)) ...

• Word Count: 1358
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . In 1730 he married Deborah Read, a Philadelphia woman whom he had known before his trip to England. Benjamin also founded what was probably the first public library in America, charted in 1742 as the Philadelphia Library. He published Poor Richard's Almanack in 1732, under the pen name Richard Saunders. He gained a wide audience, and exerted a perasive influence upon the American character. Benjamin ... ...

• Word Count: 499
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... when granting the right of citizens in the United States of America. In hindsight of the destruction and loss on September 11, the U.S. government realized that the detailed surveillance of library books, analysis of phone conversations, and research of computer information, would have yielded potential possabilities to deter if not stop the terrorist activities. The result of the observation produced the ... to install telephone and computer wiretaps and obtain search warrants for voice mail and e-mail messages. In addition, agencies can more easily access personal information, like me...

• Word Count: 629
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the rising tensions between America and Britain. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776 and continued to have a perennial friendship. That same year Madison became a Representative for Orange County and helped write the Virginia Constitution. Madison also made the United States Constitution and tried to get this ratified by helping write the Federalist Papers. In 1789, Madison moved from ... being Orange County Representative to Virginia State Representative. While in the house, Madison familiarized the Bill of Rights and left the Federalist Party and created his own know as ...

• Word Count: 630
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School