... , technological upgrading, higher productivity and competitiveness. Such investment-technology links between these two branches of the economy will not only serve their commercial interests but those of the Russian economy as a whole"5) The volume of foreign trade between Russia and Japan is held in check due to the economic stagnation of Russia. As Russia has insufficient capitals ... and satellite communication is being improved. When I organized an international symposium in 1992 the communication with Khabarovsk through telephone or facsimile was very difficult. Because at that time ...

• Word Count: 3602
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... risen high in Lenin's favor, who appointed him to the Bolshevik Central Committee. It was at this time that he adopted the name "Stalin," meaning "steel one." In 1917, the Russian Revolution toppled the Tsarist government. From March until November of that year, Russia was ruled by a Provisional Government, which made plans for a democratically elected assembly. A number of miscalculations, however, along ... effects of which are still being felt in Russia today. This was, not coincidentally, the era when Stalin's "cult of personality" rose to overwhelming prominence in the Soviet Union...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... form of self-preservation, rather than historical accuracy. The only major production during the Vietnam Conflict, John Wayne's 1968 The Green Berets, illustrates how directors concentrated on drama rather than history. Dismayed by the growing protest against United States" involvement in Vietnam, Wayne contested that he tried to counter the resistance by creating a major motion picture to, what he says, ... myth; the racist stereotypes of the enemies. Cimino gives the Vietnamese two roles in the movie; they are either savages participating in Russian roulette matches or refugees fleeing...

• Word Count: 3681
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... symbol of communist regimes throughout their lifetime. This trend was followed when Stalin came to power as leader of the Communist party and the Russian government in 1929. (2) He had achieved this through plotting and trickery and by shifting alliances. This had begun in 1924 when Stalin systematically ... the communist regime. Polish workers rioted and went on strike in 1956 and the Polish communist party also revolted by refusing to accept the Russian general Rokossovsky as the Polish Minister for Defence. (9) The situation was diffused by a compromise which was made on both sides, w...

• Word Count: 5545
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... symbol of communist regimes throughout their lifetime. This trend was followed when Stalin came to power as leader of the Communist party and the Russian government in 1929. (2) He had achieved this through plotting and trickery and by shifting alliances. This had begun in 1924 when Stalin systematically ... the communist regime. Polish workers rioted and went on strike in 1956 and the Polish communist party also revolted by refusing to accept the Russian general Rokossovsky as the Polish Minister for Defence. (9) The situation was diffused by a compromise which was made on both sides, w...

• Word Count: 5545
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... symbol of communist regimes throughout their lifetime. This trend was followed when Stalin came to power as leader of the Communist party and the Russian government in 1929. (2) He had achieved this through plotting and trickery and by shifting alliances. This had begun in 1924 when Stalin systematically ... the communist regime. Polish workers rioted and went on strike in 1956 and the Polish communist party also revolted by refusing to accept the Russian general Rokossovsky as the Polish Minister for Defence. (9) The situation was diffused by a compromise which was made on both sides, w...

• Word Count: 5545
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... and party officials were on the top of the pyramid; engineers, doctors, and foremen followed leaving clerks and common laborers above only from "slaves". Stalin re-introduced slavery to the Russian economy and put its control under GULAG (State Administration of Corrective Camps), a sub-unit of NKVD (Commissariat of State Security). Concentration camps for counter-revolutionaries existed in 1917, but ... Volgorad) in a battle that lasted from August 1942 through January 1943. This battle was the turning point of the Russo-German war and one of the decisive engagements of world history....

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and party officials were on the top of the pyramid; engineers, doctors, and foremen followed leaving clerks and common laborers above only from "slaves". Stalin re-introduced slavery to the Russian economy and put its control under GULAG (State Administration of Corrective Camps), a sub-unit of NKVD (Commissariat of State Security). Concentration camps for counter-revolutionaries existed in 1917, but ... Volgorad) in a battle that lasted from August 1942 through January 1943. This battle was the turning point of the Russo-German war and one of the decisive engagements of world history....

• Word Count: 7028
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to assess the process of change. the post-Cold War era: changes in the system Today, we are in a relatively "open" period of history, free from the polarized nature of the Cold War, yet "more than ever each of the four powers has compelling stakes in its relations with ... powers, while Russia is a declining one. Strategic geometry very useful in assessing the transition in these terms. Instead of Japan and the US balancing Russian military power, today Japan and the US act to balance Chinese military power. I will elaborate on this issue later, in my discussion of the ... of a player t...

• Word Count: 4761
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... He feels that the dropping of the bomb was the first major operation of the cold diplomatic war with Russia. (www.yahoo.com/Arts/Humanities History/20th_Century/World_War_II Atomic_Bomb_The) Also an American historian, Gar Alperovitz, wrote a book titled Atomic Diplomacy. His book contains a ... Secretary of State James F. Byrnes as most anxious to get the Japanese affair over with before the Russians got in. (www.yahoo.com/Arts/Humanities/ History/20th_Century/World War_II/Atomic_Bomb/The/) Also Byrnes' assistant Secretary of State, Walter Brown, has a diary entry that suggests that Tr...

• Word Count: 3871
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... them could have meant colossal destruction of each other and everyone else on Earth. Tensions between Russia and the West have been high throughout history. In 1815, at the Congress of Vienna, Tsar Alexander was quite prepared to use the congress to pursue the traditional aims of foreign ... the United States and the U.S.S.R began near the end of World War I. The Bolsheviks (later communists), led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the existing Russian government. The socialist Bolshevik regime believed in all men being equal, although democracy certainly wasn't part of their intentions. The ...

• Word Count: 3123
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... of its monarchy, took away important industrial lands it once held, and would later lead to the rise in power of the deadliest man in history. While the British and French were intent on laying blame for the war, American President Woodrow Wilson heard his people's cry for peace and ... almost zero from 14 percent. Propaganda almost immediately hit the American media. The war marked the greatest time period of American unity and patriotism in U.S. history. 1942 was a time period of bad news for Americans that were following the war in the Pacific. American soldiers seemingly could not wi...

• Word Count: 5901
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: High School

... Department were members of the Communist Party. So began the era of "McCarthyism," in which fears (later proved to be somewhat justified) of Russian spying on the U.S. served as the grounds for an unprecedented witch-hunt aimed at rooting out "Reds." During this time, Richard Nixon became ... was losing the struggle against Communism, and JFK played on those fears. Still, the election was remarkably tight--one of the closest in U.S. history--and little details helped decide the matter. During the presidential debate--the first ever televised-- JFK appeared virile and commanding, whereas...

• Word Count: 8348
• Approx Pages: 33
• Grade Level: High School

... death. Through the smokescreen of industrialisation Stalin was able to change the communist party to his advantage, removing Trotsky and the leftists from history whilst glorifying himself as the saviour of the Soviet Union. Before and throughout the five-year plans Stalin's propaganda machine created an image ... by 1939, there were more doctors per head in the Soviet Union than in Britain. Stalin also provided many liberal freedoms to the Russian people to motivate them. Women were encouraged to work and creches were provided for their children. Abortions and divorce were also made ....

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... liquid secrets...a playground for every alchemist miracle-worker, and rat-piper that ever took up the cloak"(Mazzetti). It was considered a place where history and identity could disappear in an instant. Even after W.W.II, the Nazis still talked about wonder weapons and how they could get back at all ... the first submarine to fire a nuclear missile from under the water. Producer of the movie, Edward S. Feldman, stated that "The actual K-19 lies in a Russian ship graveyard, poisonous and decaying, unable to be revived, even by Hollywood" (K-19: The Widowmaker). Attack submarines were usu...

• Word Count: 3726
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... destroyed 15 large cities, 1,710 towns and 70,000 villages, burning and demolishing 6,000,000 buildings. This resulted in 25,000,000 citizens being deprived of shelter during the harsh Russian winter. The Germans demolished 31,850 industrial enterprises. The Soviet railway system was totally crippled as 65,000 kilometers of railway track and 4,100 railway stations were destroyed. Transportation was ... destroyed 10,000 power stations and ruined 1,135 coal mines and 3,000 oil wells, carrying back to Germany 14,000 steam boilers, 1,400 turbines and 11,300 electric generators. The Russian ...

• Word Count: 5160
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... too. The Cold War happened because America was scared that Communism would spread to their democratic West. Russia being the huge superpower in the east was Communist, and after the Russian Revolution, Lenin was planned on making Communism worldwide, this petrified the west. America believed in the Domino Theory, which was that if one country became Communist, then the neighboring countries ... first letter he told Kennedy that he would remove all missiles from Cuba and stop sending weapons there, only if the USA stopped their blockade and do not interfere with Russian ships. In the sec...

• Word Count: 2876
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... a much needed review of military policy . With extensive plans in place detailing decisions-in-advance and strategic planning, a situation had been created in which "any subordinate commander faced with a substantial Russian military action could start the thermonuclear holocaust on his own initiative if he could not reach you by failure of communication." Accepting that there was danger in over-planning was ... badge of being the aggressor for a nuclear holocaust. Although there were plans and recommendations for a first-strike option, it was generally assumed this would be in response...

• Word Count: 2678
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... too. The Cold War happened because America was scared that Communism would spread to their democratic West. Russia being the huge superpower in the east was Communist, and after the Russian Revolution, Lenin was planned on making Communism worldwide, this petrified the west. America believed in the Domino Theory, which was that if one country became Communist, then the neighboring countries ... first letter he told Kennedy that he would remove all missiles from Cuba and stop sending weapons there, only if the USA stopped their blockade and do not interfere with Russian ships. In the sec...

• Word Count: 2739
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... Iran was, "a pillar of stability in a turbulent and vital region". Before the late 1940's, when the United States helped to push out the Russian occupation of northern Iran, Iran had very little interaction with United States. This was preceded by a long period of very fruitful United States-Iran relations. ... secular progressive government. The revolution used anti-Westernism as a catalyst, due to the monarchy's very close relations with the United States and the history of political meddling by Western powers, such as, Britain and the US. So when the revolution successful captured t...

• Word Count: 2601
• Approx Pages: 10

... his political future. Truman and his campaign advisors, knowing that Truman could use his control of foreign policy to his advantage, ran on the platform that they would stop Russian emergence at every expense except war. This gave Truman the Democratic nomination and now all he had to do was worry about his presidential opposition. Fueled by the will ... forwardness of his foreign policy. The decision on the part of Truman to stay in Berlin and airlift the supplies to the people of Berlin was a significant point in history. It asserted an idea that the United States had a right, given t...

• Word Count: 4238
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... , The New Era in World Politics Flags and cultural identity - after the Cold War peoples" identities changed and so did the symbols that they identified with. One symbol was the Russian flag which was hung upside down when Russia was going through the transition but once their new cultural identities were established the flags were hung right-side up once again ... head coverings as more and more people are finding meaning in their cultures. Huntington writes that the period of the post-Cold War world is, for the first time in history, seeing global politics as both multipolar and multic...

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TEN MAJOR EVENTS THAT SHAPED THE UNITED STATES Over time instances occurred throughout history that affected the United States, for the good and bad. They affected many people emotionally and physically. The following ten events have affected the nation culturally, politically, economically, socially, and ... Depression occurred. It took millions by storm and everyone suffered from it. The Wall Street stock market crash of 1929 precipitated the Great Depression; The worst economic downturn in the history of the nation. The depression had devastating effects on the country. The stock market w...

• Word Count: 2504
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 's support and approval. However, all are evident intention of some countries to use nuclear blackmail to achieve their own selfish goals of regional policy. Currently, the presence of US and Russian nuclear weapons predetermines saving concept of nuclear deterrence. As is known, June 17, 1992 was signed the Charter, which, inter alia, declared that the United States and Russia "do not ... subjective factors, we can not appeal to the general historical pattern - depending on the historical situation by changing the order of the leaders of the state. It seems axiomatic in history was the ...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... force committed fanatically to the belief that with the U.S. there can be no permanent modus vivendi,"" and the only answer was "a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies."" Kennan's plan seemed ideal for success because the Soviet Union thrived on expansion. If one could prevent Stalin and his red army from spreading further, then eventually the ... been. However, it would also lead to a massive nuclear weapon build up in both Russia and the United States, and the Vietnam War, the most unpopular war in our nation's history. The tension betwe...

• Word Count: 2810
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate