The ideas of Hillocks (2002), McNeil and Valenzuela (2001), and Ravitch (2011), who are all experts on this topic, will help to establish my credibility. ... The 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act helped to fund these efforts. ... Furthermore, it is thought that tests help produce a world-class education by encouraging students to reach their full potential, improving our collective productivity, and reestablishing our competitiveness on a global scale (Madaus & Russell, 2010). ... Nichols, Glass, and Berliner's (2012) study about the NAEP test scores in reading and math p...

• Word Count: 1946
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is often stated that statistically females score lower on standardized tests such as the SATs and ACTs. ... At the forefront of the issue are the SATs which are often thought of as the most influential test the average student will ever take. ... On the 1998 SAT boys were 35 points ahead of girls in math and 7 points ahead in English (Sommers 32). ... "Tests are not problems; they can supply us with information to help solve problems in our schools. ... It is true that females have a lower score average on the SATs than males yet the reason is that more "at risk" females attempt the test...

• Word Count: 1787
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Affirmative action is needed to attract women to underrepresented fields and to help them attain greater numbers in senior academic positions. Because a 2000 study showed that females had less confidence than males in their ability to do well in math and science, affirmative action programs need to show girls at the elementary, high school, and college levels that they too can pursue scientific fields. ... Those that do not support affirmative action believe that it is "reverse discrimination", claiming that a white applicant with higher SAT's and a higher G.P.A., who is rejecte...

• Word Count: 1760
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate