... maze. The test subjects consisted of three groups. One group had received unilateral hippocampal removals to treat epilepsy. The second group had received a surgical procedure that removed tumors in areas not involving the hippocampus. The third group included participants that had undergone a surgical procedure that removed the amygdalaand part of the hippocampus. A control group was also included which had not received any ... surgical intervention. The respective first and third groups were combined and referred to as the HPC group. Each subject group was instructed on the ... contro...

• Word Count: 1152
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the rats (Vescovi et al. 1999) These recent discoveries into cell stem research hold a great amount of promise for Parkinson's patients, due to the recovery of function. The most recent surgical procedure that has moved into the forefront of Parkinson's disease research and cure is deep-brain stimulation. Research in this area has utilized both rat and human models. A recent study of ... occurring periodically. Ninety-six patients were implanted with electrodes bilaterally in the subthalamic-nucleus group and thirty-eight patients were implanted in the globus-pallidus group. After three...

• Word Count: 4190
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that if this bundle of nerves was severed their seizure would either cease or a the very least be better controlled. From this surgical procedure it was discovered that the two hemispheres had different methods of processing information, as well as controlling parts of the body. The left ... is quite another matter. The mind remains unseen and physically immeasurable, yet appears to be the part of us that controls everything. This surgical procedure called "commissurotomy" was pioneered by Roger Sperry and Ronald Myers in the late nineteen fifties. Initially they began experimenting with ...

• Word Count: 1389
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... field that can in the future allow doctors to prevent or treat a disorder. This is done by altering the genetic composition of the cell as opposed to using drugs or surgical methods. Although this technique is somewhat risky and it still being examined to ensure safety and efficacy, Gene therapy is indeed and upcoming and promising method or treatment. Of recently ... NGF for at least a period of 18 months. It also stays in the area applied without migrating, do not form tumors nor cause any noticeable toxicity, all pointing to a successful procedure. Subjects underwent the Mini Mental ...

• Word Count: 5609
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The technique involves inserting fine needles under the skin at selected points and agitating them. The acupuncture mechanism is not well-established, although it is believed that the procedure excites an endorphin method of pain control. Some experiments have shown high levels of endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid after acupuncture (Slavkin, 2000). Local electrical stimulation- Applying ... brief pulses of electricity to nerve endings under the skin in the affected area--a procedure called transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or TENS--reportedly gives excellent pain relief t...

• Word Count: 2045
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is usually followed by months of recovery. For this reason, "doctors try to fix all of the affected muscles at once when it is possible or, if more than one surgical procedure is unavoidable, they may try to schedule operations close together (Finnie, 1995)."" Mechanical aids Whether they are as humble as velcro shoes or as advanced as computerized communication devices, special ... ...

• Word Count: 3349
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... it may form the foundation of an effective therapy within four to five years (Chemistry and Industry, 2002). Medication is not the only treatment for Parkinson's disease. There are also surgical interventions. Surgery has been used to interrupt the damaged connections in the brain caused by PD, usually in the areas of the brain called the globus pallidus or the thalamus ... movements and uses an electrode to destroy the disturbing cells. On the downside, there are the risks of stroke, loss of vision, speech and swallowing difficulties, and confusion with this procedure. Brain tissue tra...

• Word Count: 928
• Approx Pages: 4