... styles as cubism and futurism. This knowledge of the visual arts led to his tendency to experiment with punctuation, compressed words, unusual typography, line division, and capitalization in his writing from an early age. In 1911, Cummings followed in his father's footsteps and enrolled at Harvard University as an English major. There, he frequently wrote for the Harvard Monthly, ... criticizing paintings and creating poetry which already embodied the distinctive style he would use for the rest of his life. From the beginning of his professional writing career, Cummings has been misunde...

• Word Count: 850
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... One of the main European political events of the 1930s, which drew a response from writers was the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). They felt that its outcome would shape the future, particularly since a second world war seemed close. In 1937, Auden wrote ... the linguistic influences of the Highlands, the Lowlands, Norway, England, France, and Rome have all shaped the language, thought and style of Scottish writing. Gaelic, the Celtic language of the far North, was suppressed for many years, but in the twentieth century there has been ... writing) received an enormous boost with the Educ...

• Word Count: 10566
• Approx Pages: 42

... people all around the small town loved his work. When he was in high school, Steinbeck became a writer for his school newspaper as well (Williams). In his later life, Steinbeck married three times. He married Carol Henning first, which lasted for 13 years, he then married Gwyndolyn Conger, ... people. and towards the Native American population. Steinbeck grew up learning and constantly hearing about these problems and events. These things influenced Steinbeck's writing through references to these problems throughout his literature (Tuttleton). During his life, Steinbeck lived through many...

• Word Count: 1462
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... , swimming, swearing, popular literature, and moral injunctions against violence and war. York gladly accepted this lifestyle and soon met his future wife, Gracie Williams. in 1917, Alvin's faith was tested when in response to the Declaration of War against Germany, he received a draft notice. Following his church ... for education and raise money for the Alvin C. York Institute. Alvin's vision was for a school open to any and all underprivileged Tennessee children who wished to pursue an education and proposed that the school provide vocational training as well as the fundamental basics ...

• Word Count: 1575
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... the literary group later called The Lost Generation. Ernest and Hadley had one son, Jack, nicknamed Bumby. The family survived on money Ernest made writing short stories and working as a foreign reporter for the Toronto Star. But, they were somewhat poor. The couple found the money to travel to ... . Key West was a laid-back place and Ernest spent a great deal of time deep-sea fishing with friends. Ernest spent part of each day writing, but also found time for drinking with his buddies and more fishing, sometimes off the coast of Cuba. He did some traveling to Spain, and ... Kunstkring ex...

• Word Count: 1766
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... enrolled at Cornell university, as a biochemistry major, he enlisted in the United states army. This led him down a new path that led him to Carnegie instutute at the University of Tennessee, where he studied mechanical engineering. December twenty-second, of the following year, he was captured during the battle of the bulge where he was a battalion scout of the 106th infantry ... in his own life. In many ways Vonnegut used Billy Pilgrim as a puppet to explain his own feelings and emotions from that time. Vonnegut's life was very influential in his writing style; primarily, the scientif...

• Word Count: 1839
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... It used proceeds from a new tax to pay farmers not to raise specific crops and animals. Lower production would, in turn, increase prices. k. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (May 1993) The TVA helped farmers and created jobs in one of America s least modernized areas. l. Works Progress Administration ... the trouble. These military men began attacking Hispanic youths and black youths wearing, zoot suits. Zoot meant something worn or performed in an extravagant style. So, the servicemen saw this form of clothing, as a gesture that refused to concede to the manners of subservience. In trut...

• Word Count: 8316
• Approx Pages: 33
• Grade Level: High School

... One of the more popular war poets is Wilfred Owen (1893-1918), who began his career as a poet sometime before the War, and whose earlier style of writing, observed in poems like 'Sonnet Written At Teigmouth, On A Pilgrimage To Keats's House' (1911) was derived from that the Romantic ideology, which ... salient. Exposure' is also an example of Owen's experiment with rhyming schemes and sounds. True to the modernist endorsement of innovative methods of writing, Owen develops an amazing technical skill with the use of assonance and para-rhyme (Purkis 118), partly inverting the dominant trad...

• Word Count: 2437
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... ). This particular poem emphasizes a common gruesome experience, which, Gurney implies can only be understood by those who participate in the Great War. His writing, much like many poets of his time, depicts the heroism of the soldiers in the frontline by describing the dilemmas that those who bravely served, ... His Love" (Harvey 40). His mental disorder is believed to have gotten worse during the war, which can be correlated to his style of writing (Das 9). In his earlier poems the persona speaks of the war with resentment and attitude, subjects that show his firm take on the ... bega...

• Word Count: 2929
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams" "memory play" originates after World War II in a dark, dreary alley in St. Louis. The play consists of only four main characters or actors; a mother, brother, sister, and the gentleman caller round out the people. The names given by Williams are; Amanda Wingfield to the mother, Laura the daughter, Tom the brother who narrates the play, and Jim the ... such: Tom seems to be an enterprising person; he doesn't like to hear about how everyone has questions. He, as the narrator, can interject comments where, when, and however Mr. Williams saw fit. He dislike...

• Word Count: 1357
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... and 1984 In George Orwell's, "1984", no individual freedoms are present. It mirrors mid twentieth century Europe during World War II and its affects. Winston the main character who is a 39-year-old man, was neither remarkable in intelligence nor character, but is disgusted with the world he lives in. He works in the Ministry of Truth, where history and the ... , and criminal acts. An example of a criminal act could simply be, an "unorthodox" thought. Winston Smith, represents Orwell's view on totalitarianism. Winston rebels against the government of Oceania by writing a diary, and by cons...

• Word Count: 2496
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Hitler began a campaign of invasion and assimilation of several countries across Central and Eastern Europe, including Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. In 1939, Vaughan Williams' home country of Great Britain, as well as France, declared War on Hitler's Nazi Regime. Shortly following The United Kingdom and France's declaration ... the Berlin Wall, built to keep capitalist West Berlin and communist East Berlin separate for nearly thirty years. It was this separation that inspired Vaughan Williams' second movement: Romanza, which is Italian for romance. He wanted to contrast the sadness...

• Word Count: 1089
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in our history. "18 The thick jungle terrain also gave the Vietcong the upper hand. They had the home field advantage and support from the local people. The chaotic combat style created difficulty for the reporters to identify clear progress of the war. As a result, the reporters began to steer away from justifying the war politically and focused mainly on the ... Vietnam conflict. Today, the United States is involved in a similar situation.38 The war in the Middle East has caused enormous public debate and anti-war protests within American culture.39 Because of the lack of support from...

• Word Count: 4768
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography

Tennessee Williams' play, "A Streetcar Named Desire," first opened in the late 1940's, cut line which had defined traditional gender roles began to blur. It was also the war itself which helped to ... ...

• Word Count: 607
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... ." He sounds like the typical perception of an American hippie - big deal. However, E.E. Cummings was among the first to question modern America, and at the same time, create a unique writing style that would later distinguish him among the greatest writers in history. Through his poetry, Cummings rebels against the common perceptions of traditional American ideology in hopes to bring spiritual freedom ... who he grew up with presented the original conflicts that inspired him to become a nonconformist in his writing. Because he writing was radical for the time period, Cummings found himse...

• Word Count: 4790
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

... wife was named Nadya Allilueva; she had been serving as his secretary (and had accompanied him to Volgograd the previous year). She was seventeen when they married, and Stalin was 39. Nadya produced two more children for Stalin; Vasily (a son), born in 1921, and Svetlana (a daughter) in 1926. After a terrible argument with Stalin over the Ukrainian famine in November of ... from several more which eventually left him bedridden and practically an invalid) Stalin's power started to increase among the members of the Central Committee. During this period, Lenin began secretly writing his "...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... battle to prevent hydroelectric power plants developed during the war from being purchased by private businessmen. (Lowitt 559) This would later be a key in his accomplishment of establishing the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930s. George's identity with the Republican Party continued to deteriorate, and in 1928, he openly denounced his party and even endorsed Alfred Smith, the ... New Deal measures, but regardless of opposition or influence managed to maintain his independence and beliefs. (Lowitt 560) During the Roosevelt administration, George proposed a new resolution for the gi...

• Word Count: 1367
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Uranium-235 from Uranium-238 and turn this into a usable weapon. In 1942, General Leslie Groves was chosen to lead the project, and he immediately purchased a site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Groves then chose a scientific director for the bomb project, J. Robert Oppenheimer, who built on an isolated area in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Oppenheimer was the major force behind the project ... generated by the bomb was larger than that of Little Boy, but damage done by it was lighter because of the geographical structure of the city. In one split second 39,00 people were killed and over 25,000 wer...

• Word Count: 3871
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... Auden and Thomas moved away from apparent objectivity, a theme once standardized by previous literary figures, and toward subjectivity. While other writers of the era conveyed modern ideas in form and style, such as William Faulkner's multiple narrators and stream-of-consciousness format displayed in The Sound and Fury, Thomas and Auden radiated modern thought through their ideas and subject matter. Both ... nights," Thomas's closing lines, " the birds the grass the trees the lake and the wild boys innocent as strawberries had followed the hunchback to his kennel in the dark" (lines 39-...

• Word Count: 1641
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238. Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem. A massive enrichment plant was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey and his associates and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion. After this process was completed, Ernest O. Lawrence from the university of ... Man," was dropped on the city. It missed its intended target by over one and a half miles. Nagasaki's population dropped in one split-second from 4...

• Word Count: 1446
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... wife was named Nadya Allilueva; she had been serving as his secretary (and had accompanied him to Volgograd the previous year). She was seventeen when they married, and Stalin was 39. Nadya produced two more children for Stalin; Vasily (a son), born in 1921, and Svetlana (a daughter) in 1926. After a terrible argument with Stalin over the Ukrainian famine in November of ... from several more which eventually left him bedridden and practically an invalid) Stalin's power started to increase among the members of the Central Committee. During this period, Lenin began secretly writing his "...

• Word Count: 7028
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the quantities that were necessary. Plutonium, an artificially manufactured element taken from uranium, could be produced in the needed quantity but it needed a different kind of bomb detonation device. The Tennessee Valley Authority or TVA, was an organization that offered energy to the project. A German refugee working on the British team of scientists at Los Alamos, Klaus Fuchs, was a Soviet spy ... half the city as well as the near by mountains. Even though the plutonium bomb was more powerful than the uranium bomb, casualties were less because the bomb missed. Instantly, 39,000 peo...

• Word Count: 1138
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... River and Into the Trees, was Hemingway's first novel in a decade. It was soon after this, in June of 1951, that his mother died in Memphis, Tennessee. Not since he was a child did he get along with his mother, in fact he blamed her for his father committing suicide, yet he attended her funeral. He ... This is one of the few novels that he wrote that did not involve a woman he had seen or was seeing. With the money, he got for writing such a magnificent book, Earnest and Mary, his forth and final wife, decided to go to Africa. While in Africa, the Hemingway=s were in two plane crashes ....

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... rocky and sandy. The river washes away sins, it! washes away the war. Obviously the war had a huge affect on Hemingway and his writing. Many of his stories dealt with the war and his struggle to heal himself, both mentally and physically, after the war. Also, I believe that his ... a wife or companion and parents to talk to, Hemingway used his stories to get the burden of war off of his shoulders. Hemingway had a specific style in which he wrote. When Hemingway started working for the Toronto Star Weekly his boss gave him a list of dos and don'ts. "Use short sentences ... Eng-lish" were...

• Word Count: 1393
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . Return to college a. Attended the first African American College 1. Attended Lincoln University in Pennsylvania b. Returned as an acclaimed poet III. Hughes mentors for writing a. Paul Lawrence Dunbar and Carl Sandburg were his primary influences b. Began writing creatively while still a boy 1. Contributed to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's IV. Short Stories and Novels a. He wrote novels, short stories, ... poetry and plays 1. He wrote the acclaimed poem" The Negro Speaks of Rivers" in 1921 b. Known for engagement with the world of jazz 1. This influenced the writing of Montage of...

• Word Count: 288
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School