... tools and materials for farming. Large factories were few; handcrafts still flourised. Electricity was too expensive to make that it was treated almost as a precious metal. Construction and machine making were the result of trial and error, not architechtural and engineering knowledge. This situation changed radically in two spurts. The first spurt, between 1850 and 1870, saw most ... of Europe consolidating earlier industrialization, extending it to previously untouched areas. The shift to machine production became permanent; steam power and other forms of energy were harnessed; and mor...

• Word Count: 1504
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... appeal. Some of the greatest works of architecture were either conceived or build during the Baroque period. Many works of baroque architecture were executed on a colossal scale, incorporating aspects of urban planning and landscape architecture. This is most clearly scene in Bernini's elliptical piazza in front of St. Peters in Rome. Bernini devised the immense oval enclosure, its axis running ... that demonstrated just how far, the human race has advanced since its primitive stage. The movement of modern architecture came in the twentieth century, signifying a maturity of the industri...

• Word Count: 1959
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate