... country, was denied a license to operate officially, and in 1998 "after state-security forces arrested the organizations secretary general, Hafez Abu Saeda "it was forced to turn down Western funding and to scale back its activities."" Thus, indicative of why participation and pluralism are at all time low levels. Indeed proving that Egypt is a failing state, presently, experiencing ... together with the recent threats made by Bin Ladin, his Egyptian colleagues, portends a concentrated effort to attack in the future. In addition, the loss of prestige suffered by the Islamic Front assures...

• Word Count: 4300
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... supported by the Syrian government), to The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Jordan (in 1981, Islamic millitants, members of this party, assasinated Egyptian president Sadat), to the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria. But where do all these extremist measures come from? On what are they based? According to Burmeister , the main reason for the spread of terrorism is the concept ... interesting fact is that the word "fundamentalism" has no equivalent in Arabic. Bahman Baktiari, a political science proffesor at the American University in Cairo states that "Islamic fundamentalism is a purely...

• Word Count: 4563
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... supported by the Syrian government), to The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Jordan (in 1981, Islamic millitants, members of this party, assasinated Egyptian president Sadat), to the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria. But where do all these extremist measures come from? On what are they based? According to Burmeister , the main reason for the spread of terrorism is the concept ... interesting fact is that the word "fundamentalism" has no equivalent in Arabic. Bahman Baktiari, a political science proffesor at the American University in Cairo states that "Islamic fundamentalism is a purely...

• Word Count: 4816
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... is not the only alternative to the mainstream "there are other powerful groups with a voice, though this is often glossed over by the western media. For example, Political Islam in Pakistan is currently being challenged by a reinvigorated Sufi movement "this "backlash- against more traditional Islamic forces ... in Kashmir could prove disastrous for Musharraf and the faith in his leadership, and thus it is imperative that there is progress on the political front with India. Muslims in Pakistan are also very concerned about communal relations in India, particularly the recent Gujarat rio...

• Word Count: 3350
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... the national bias into what was previously their homeland. The Armed Secessionist Movement In 1971, a former government scholar and Political Science tutor, Nur Misuari, founded the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), an underground Muslim separatist organization that aimed to create an independent homeland for Muslim Filipinos. This organization proclaimed the unity of all Muslims in the Philippines as moro, ... Mindanao (ARMM) to be led by the MNLF, a group of MNLF members, led by Egyptian-educated Muslim cleric Hashim Salamat, broke away to form the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (...

• Word Count: 3072
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... her actions and their consequences. The doctrine of ultimate accountability does not take the family as a unit for collective responsibility; rather, each individual is an independent unit of reckoning in front of God, and is held directly responsible for his or her actions or his or her share in joint acts. Muslim women have to perform her prayer, fasting, pilgrimage to ... are intentionally putting it back on for political reasons. Modernization is not necessarily viewed in a positive light, particularly when understood as westernization'. Many women find the over-exposed style of west...

• Word Count: 5120
• Approx Pages: 20

... States, just one or two degrees of separation from the World Trade Center themselves. I was struck by the way the clash of cultures seemed to be contained within them. The Western news media were deliberately stereotyping Muslims, they said, making ''fundamentalist'' synonymous with ''fanatic'' and dwelling on pictures of aroused mobs. What happened on Sept. 11, said Omar Shelbaya, an importer ... cellphones on their belts. There was a mellow sense of fellowship as the muezzin sang out his call to prayer and they gathered in ranks, about 120 of them, in the front of the hall. Still sitt...

• Word Count: 7424
• Approx Pages: 30
• Grade Level: High School