2. .
Robert Gagne is another major thinker of behaviorism. He focused on Task Analysis. This is directly related to Skinner's idea of sequenced learning events. Learners can receive feedback on individualized tasks. This corrects isolated problems rather than having little idea of where the root of the learning problem lies. Gagne investigated the foundations of effective instruction of conditions of learning. His approach is eclecticism.3. He has incorporated features of behavior modification as well as performance. According to Gagne, the purpose of psychology is to observe conditions under which learning occurs and to describe them in objective terms. Gagne makes a distinction between two types of conditions, internal and external. Internal conditions can be described as "states" and include attention, motivation and recall. External conditions are factors surrounding one's behavior. It includes the arrangement and timing of stimulus events. Gagne believes there is 4 phases of learning; receiving the stimulus situation, stage of acquisition (gratification), storage and retrieval. One of Gagne's important concepts is the "Transfer of Learning".4. For Gagne, this is the root of growing knowledge and what allows the hierarchy to continue; it is essentially the ability to store and retrieve as necessary.
At the beginning of the 20th century, many psychologists were in favor of defining psychology as the science of behavior. The most prominent of these psychologists was J.B Watson, who later became know as the founder of Behaviorism.5. Watson believed the prediction and control of behavior to be a fundamental goal of psychology. Similar to Skinner, Watson also believed in a stimulus-response method in predicting and controlling behavior. The difference between the two is that Watson did not use the terms "stimulus" and "response" in as narrow a sense.6. He felt that speech was a form of behavior and that thought was a form of covert behavior.